Sheeran P, Orbell S
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK.
Br J Soc Psychol. 1998 Jun;37 ( Pt 2):231-50. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01167.x.
This study used meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between intentions and behaviour in prospective studies of condom use. The effects of six moderator variables were also examined: sexual orientation, gender, sample age, time interval, intention versus expectation and condom use with 'steady' versus 'casual' partners. Literature searches revealed 28 hypotheses based on a total sample of 2532 which could be included in the review. Overall, there was a medium to strong sample-weighted average correlation between intentions and condom use (r+ = .44), and this correlation was similar to the effect sizes obtained in previous reviews. There were too few studies of gay men to permit meaningful comparison of effect sizes between homosexual versus heterosexual samples. Gender and measurement of intention did not moderate the intention-behaviour relationship. However, shorter time intervals, older samples and condom use with 'steady' rather than 'casual' partners were each associated with stronger correlations between intentions and condom use. Factors which might explain the significant effects of moderator variables are discussed and implications of the study for future research on intention-behaviour consistency are outlined.
本研究采用荟萃分析来量化前瞻性避孕套使用研究中意图与行为之间的关系。还考察了六个调节变量的影响：性取向、性别、样本年龄、时间间隔、意图与期望以及与“固定”伴侣和“临时”伴侣使用避孕套的情况。文献检索发现了基于总共2532个样本的28个假设，这些假设可纳入综述。总体而言，意图与避孕套使用之间存在中等至较强的样本加权平均相关性（r+ =.44），且该相关性与以往综述中获得的效应量相似。关于男同性恋者的研究太少，无法对同性恋与异性恋样本之间的效应量进行有意义的比较。性别和意图的测量并未调节意图 - 行为关系。然而，较短的时间间隔、年龄较大的样本以及与“固定”而非“临时”伴侣使用避孕套，均与意图和避孕套使用之间更强的相关性相关。讨论了可能解释调节变量显著影响的因素，并概述了该研究对未来意图 - 行为一致性研究的启示。
