Dillon M J
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
Lupus. 1998;7(4):259-65. doi: 10.1191/096120398678920064.
Vasculitis can and does occur in childhood. Apart from the relatively common vasculitides (Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Kawasaki disease and in world wide terms Takayasu disease) there are a number of important but comparatively rare disorders affecting children. These include macroscopic and microscopic polyarteritis, cutaneous polyarteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, primary angiitis of the central nervous system, hypersensitivity angiitis, hypocomplimentaemic urticarial vasculitis, vasculitis associated with various connective tissue disorders and vasculitis associated with conditions such as Behçets syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever and Cogan's syndrome. Distinguishing these conditions from other disorders is often difficult and requires clinical acumen and appropriate investigative procedures. With modern therapeutic agents, it is possible to implement appropriate therapy but in spite of this, there remains a not inconsequential morbidity and mortality.
血管炎可发生于儿童期，且确实会在儿童期出现。除了相对常见的血管炎（过敏性紫癜、川崎病以及从全球范围来看的高安病）之外，还有一些重要但相对罕见的疾病会影响儿童。这些疾病包括结节性多动脉炎和显微镜下多血管炎、皮肤型多动脉炎、韦格纳肉芽肿、变应性肉芽肿性血管炎、中枢神经系统原发性血管炎、过敏性血管炎、低补体血症性荨麻疹性血管炎、与各种结缔组织疾病相关的血管炎以及与白塞病、家族性地中海热和科根综合征等病症相关的血管炎。将这些病症与其他疾病区分开来往往很困难，需要临床敏锐度和适当的检查程序。有了现代治疗药物，实施适当的治疗是可能的，但尽管如此，仍存在相当程度的发病率和死亡率。
