Hoshino K, Iwai Y, Nakamura S, Seto I, Yamaguchi K
BML, Inc., Kawagoe, Japan.
Jpn J Antibiot. 1998 Apr;51(4):249-71.
Antimicrobial activity of 6 macrolides was determined using a micro-broth dilution method, against 535 clinical isolates of 22 species, which were isolated in 1996 from 325 facilities in Japan. Results were as follows. 1. In general, antimicrobial activities of 14-membered macrolides were higher than those of 16-membered macrolides. The antimicrobial activities of 14-membered macrolides were in the order of clarithromycin (CAM), erythromycin (EM), roxithromycin (RXM). Among 16-membered macrolides, rokitamycin (RKM) was the most potent, josamycin (JM) was next potent followed by midecamycin (MDM). More numbers of highly-resistant strain of > 100 micrograms/ml were recognized in 14-membered macrolides than in 16-membered macrorides. 2. Most of S. pyogenes (group A) strains were distributed in the susceptible range and almost none was found in the resistant range. 3. S. pneumoniae strains were distributed widely from the susceptible range to the highly resistant range, and as high as 37.1% fell into the high resistance of > 100 micrograms/ml range. 4. Against Peptostreptococcus spp. and MRSA, 16-membered macrolides were more effective than 14-membered macrorlides, and their antibacterial activities were in the order of RKM, JM, MDM. Ratio of high-resistant strains of > 100 micrograms/ml against 14-membered macrolides was much higher than that against 16-membered macrolies. 5. Most of M. (B.) catarrhalis strains were distributed in the susceptible range of < or = 1.56 micrograms/ml, and most of H. influenzae strains were distributed within the moderately resistant and the resistant ranges. 6. In M. (B.) catarrhalis and H. influenzae, no correlation between macrolide resistance and beta-lactamase production was recognized. 7. Most of C. jejuni strains were susceptible to all macrolides used in this study.
采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了6种大环内酯类药物对1996年从日本325家医疗机构分离出的22个菌种的535株临床分离菌的抗菌活性。结果如下：1. 一般来说，14元大环内酯类药物的抗菌活性高于16元大环内酯类药物。14元大环内酯类药物的抗菌活性顺序为克拉霉素（CAM）、红霉素（EM）、罗红霉素（RXM）。在16元大环内酯类药物中，罗他霉素（RKM）活性最强，交沙霉素（JM）次之，麦迪霉素（MDM）再次之。14元大环内酯类药物中耐药浓度>100微克/毫升的高耐药菌株数量比16元大环内酯类药物更多。2. 大多数化脓性链球菌（A组）菌株分布在敏感范围内，耐药范围内几乎没有。3. 肺炎链球菌菌株分布范围广泛，从敏感范围到高耐药范围，高达37.1%的菌株耐药浓度>100微克/毫升，属于高耐药。4. 针对消化链球菌属和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌，16元大环内酯类药物比14元大环内酯类药物更有效，其抗菌活性顺序为RKM、JM、MDM。14元大环内酯类药物中耐药浓度>100微克/毫升的高耐药菌株比例远高于16元大环内酯类药物。5. 大多数卡他莫拉菌（B组）菌株分布在敏感浓度≤1.56微克/毫升范围内，大多数流感嗜血杆菌菌株分布在中度耐药和耐药范围内。6. 在卡他莫拉菌（B组）和流感嗜血杆菌中，未发现大环内酯类耐药与β-内酰胺酶产生之间存在相关性。7. 大多数空肠弯曲菌菌株对本研究中使用的所有大环内酯类药物敏感。
