Tchesnova L
Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Parassitologia. 1998 Jun;40(1-2):103-8.
The rapid spread of malaria in the 1920s-early '30s in the USSR was a result of Stalin's social and demographic policy. The Soviet government needed to elaborate the special complex of organisational and applied scientific measures concerning the eradication of malaria. The Central Malaria Commission and a network of antimalaria stations were created. In the 1930s and '40s malaria studies were institutionalised. A system of Medical Research Institutes was set up in the Soviet Union. Antimalaria congresses and periodical special issues helped coordinate their activities. Russian parasitologists worked out new approaches and methods of the comprehensive control of malaria foci. During World War II (1941-1945), the epidemiological situation was aggravated and antimalaria measures reduced. In the years 1945-1960 Beklemishev with his scientific school worked out the concept of landscape malariology and of "vital scheme of the species". This concept formed the basis for realising the malaria eradication strategy. In 1961 the WHO Malaria Eradication Department ascertained the liquidation of all types of malaria in Russia as epidemics.
20世纪20年代至30年代初，疟疾在苏联迅速蔓延是斯大林社会和人口政策的结果。苏联政府需要制定一套关于根除疟疾的组织和应用科学措施的特别综合方案。中央疟疾委员会和抗疟站网络得以建立。在20世纪30年代和40年代，疟疾研究实现了制度化。苏联建立了一个医学研究所系统。抗疟大会和定期特刊有助于协调它们的活动。俄罗斯寄生虫学家制定了全面控制疟疾疫源地的新方法和新途径。第二次世界大战（1941 - 1945年）期间，流行病学形势恶化，抗疟措施减少。1945年至1960年期间，别列米舍夫及其科研团队制定了景观疟疾学和“物种生命模式”的概念。这一概念构成了实施疟疾根除战略的基础。1961年，世界卫生组织疟疾根除司确定俄罗斯已消除了所有类型的疟疾流行。
