Kapel C M
Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1997;28 Suppl 1:14-9.
The transmission and occurrence of Trichinella spp according to the zoogeography of different climatic conditions, socioeconomy and human activity are discussed. Comparing arctic, subarctic and temperate regions, it appears that the species of Trichinella present, the composition of the fauna and the human activity are all very important interacting factors affecting epidemiology. In Greenland, where only sylvatic trichinellosis is present, the high prevalence in wildlife appears closely connected with polar bear hunting. In the Scandinavian countries, the prevalence of both sylvatic and domestic trichinellosis differ widely. Denmark is regarded as Trichinella-free in the case of domestic trichinellosis and sylvatic trichinellosis is very rare. In Sweden and Norway, Trichinella is found in wildlife but domestic trichinellosis is rare. In Finland, both domestic and sylvatic trichinellosis have increased dramatically during the last decade. Among the Scandinavian countries, Finland also has the largest populations of carnivorous mammals. In the Baltic states, Trichinella is frequently found in wildlife and domestic trichinellosis is increasingly diagnosed. The high prevalence in the widespread wildlife populations may have epidemiological importance in relation to the recent changes in production and infrastructure in these former Soviet states.
本文讨论了旋毛虫属在不同气候条件、社会经济和人类活动的动物地理学背景下的传播与发生情况。比较北极、亚北极和温带地区可以发现，旋毛虫的种类、动物群落组成以及人类活动都是影响流行病学的重要相互作用因素。在格陵兰岛，仅存在野生动物旋毛虫病，野生动物中的高流行率似乎与北极熊捕猎密切相关。在斯堪的纳维亚国家，野生动物旋毛虫病和家养动物旋毛虫病的流行率差异很大。丹麦在家养动物旋毛虫病方面被视为无旋毛虫地区，野生动物旋毛虫病也非常罕见。在瑞典和挪威，野生动物中发现了旋毛虫，但家养动物旋毛虫病很少见。在芬兰，家养动物旋毛虫病和野生动物旋毛虫病在过去十年中都急剧增加。在斯堪的纳维亚国家中，芬兰的食肉哺乳动物数量也最多。在波罗的海国家，野生动物中经常发现旋毛虫，家养动物旋毛虫病的诊断也越来越多。广泛存在的野生动物群体中的高流行率可能与这些前苏联国家近期生产和基础设施的变化具有流行病学关联。
