Occurrence and susceptibility to antibiotics of Shigella species in stools of hospitalized children with bloody diarrhea in Pakistan.

The aim of the present investigation was to study the frequency of Shigella spp. in patients with bloody diarrhea in Pakistan and the susceptibility of isolated Shigella to three antibiotics: ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. In addition, the frequency of Campylobacter and Salmonella was also determined. Stool samples (n = 152) were collected from 152 diarrheic children less than six years of age passing blood and mucus in their stools who were admitted to Paediatric Department of Mayo Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan from June to September 1990. The samples were cultivated on standard media for Shigella, Campylobacter, and Salmonella. Susceptibility of Shigella isolates was tested by disk diffusion method. The frequency of isolation was 19.1% for Shigella spp., 7.9% for Campylobacter, and 4.6% for Salmonella. Shigella flexneri (7.9%) was the most frequently isolated species, followed by S. dysenteriae (6.6%), S. boydii, (3.3%) and S. sonnei (1.3%). All Shigella isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid (100%), while only a few were susceptible to cotrimoxazole (7.0%) and ampicillin (3.5%). In Pakistan, self-medication and purchases of drugs without a prescription are commonly practiced. Thus, there is a greater possibility of development of resistant strains due to over use of antibiotics.