Fein S B, Roe B
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1998 Jul;88(7):1042-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.7.1042.
In this study, longitudinal data are used to examine the effect of work status on breast-feeding initiation and duration.
Mothers from a mail panel completed questionnaires during late pregnancy and 10 times in the infant's first year. Mother's work status was categorized for initiation by hours she expected, before delivery, to work and for duration by hours she worked at month 3. Covariates were demographics; parity; medical, delivery, and hospital experiences; social support; embarrassment; and health promotion.
Expecting to work part-time neither decreased nor increased the probability of breast-feeding relative to expecting not to work (odds ratios [ORs] = .83 and .89, P > .50), but expecting to work full-time decreased the probability of breast-feeding (OR = .47, P < .01). Working full-time at 3 months postpartum decreased breast-feeding duration by an average of 8.6 weeks (P < .001) relative to not working, but part-time work of 4 or fewer hours per day did not affect duration, and part-time work of more than 4 hours per day decreased duration less than full-time work.
Part-time work is an effective strategy to help mothers combine breast-feeding and employment.
在本研究中，使用纵向数据来检验工作状态对母乳喂养开始时间和持续时间的影响。
来自一个邮寄调查小组的母亲们在妊娠晚期及婴儿出生后的第一年里填写了10次问卷。母亲的工作状态根据其在分娩前预期的工作时长来划分母乳喂养开始情况，根据其在第3个月的工作时长来划分母乳喂养持续情况。协变量包括人口统计学特征、产次、医疗、分娩及住院经历、社会支持、尴尬程度以及健康促进情况。
相对于预期不工作，预期从事兼职工作既未降低也未增加母乳喂养的概率（优势比[ORs]=0.83和0.89，P>.50），但预期从事全职工作会降低母乳喂养的概率（OR=0.47，P<.01）。产后3个月从事全职工作相对于不工作而言，母乳喂养持续时间平均减少8.6周（P<.001），但每天工作4小时或更少的兼职工作不影响持续时间，且每天工作超过4小时的兼职工作对持续时间的减少幅度小于全职工作。
兼职工作是帮助母亲兼顾母乳喂养和就业的有效策略。
