Söderling E, Le Bell A, Kirstilä V, Tenovuo J
Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland.
Acta Odontol Scand. 1998 Apr;56(2):65-9. doi: 10.1080/00016359850136003.
Subjects with dry mouth often experience irritation of the oral mucosa when using sodium lauryl sulfate containing products for oral hygiene. Betaine, or trimethylglycine, reduces skin-irritating effects of ingredients of cosmetics such as sodium lauryl sulfate. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a betaine-containing toothpaste with a regular toothpaste on the oral microbial flora, the condition of the oral mucosa, and subjective symptoms of dry mouth in subjects with chronic dry mouth symptoms. Thirteen subjects with chronic dry mouth symptoms and with a paraffin-stimulated salivary flow rate < or = 1 mL/min participated in the double-blind crossover study. Ten subjects had a very low salivary flow rate (< or = 0.6 mL/min). The subjects used both experimental toothpastes (with or without 4% betaine) twice a day for 2 weeks. Oral examinations and microbiologic sample collections were made at the base lines preceding the two experimental periods and at the end. Standardized questions on subjective symptoms of dry mouth were used when the subjects were interviewed at the end of the two experimental periods. No study-induced significant changes were observed in the microbiologic variables (plaque index, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, Candida species) or in the appearance of the oral mucosa. The use of the betaine-containing toothpaste was, however, associated with a significant relief of several subjective symptoms of dry mouth. Betaine appears thus to be a promising ingredient of toothpastes in general and especially of toothpastes designed for patients with dry mouth.
口干的受试者在使用含月桂醇硫酸酯钠的口腔卫生用品时，口腔黏膜常出现刺激症状。甜菜碱，即三甲基甘氨酸，可减轻化妆品成分如月桂醇硫酸酯钠对皮肤的刺激作用。本研究旨在比较含甜菜碱牙膏与普通牙膏对慢性口干症状受试者的口腔微生物菌群、口腔黏膜状况及口干主观症状的影响。13名慢性口干症状且石蜡刺激唾液流速≤1 mL/分钟的受试者参与了双盲交叉研究。10名受试者唾液流速极低（≤0.6 mL/分钟）。受试者每天使用两种实验牙膏（含或不含4%甜菜碱）两次，共2周。在两个实验期之前的基线期及实验结束时进行口腔检查和微生物样本采集。在两个实验期结束时对受试者进行访谈时，使用关于口干主观症状的标准化问题。在微生物变量（菌斑指数、变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌、念珠菌属）或口腔黏膜外观方面，未观察到研究引起的显著变化。然而，使用含甜菜碱牙膏可显著缓解多种口干主观症状。因此，一般而言，甜菜碱似乎是牙膏的一种有前景的成分，尤其对于为口干患者设计的牙膏。
