Strauch H, Wirth I, Geserick G
Institute of Legal Medicine, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int. 1998 Jun 8;94(1-2):119-27. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(98)00064-4.
This study was undertaken for the purpose of analysing under the aspect of legal medicine, fatal accidents due to train surfing in the local transport system of Berlin (S-Bahn and underground). The period of investigation was from 1989 through 1995, with 41 train surfing accidents, among them 18 with fatal outcome. Evaluation included those 14 deaths which were forensically autopsied. It was based on autopsy records of Berlin-based university institutes (Humboldt University and Free University) as well as the Brandenburg State Institute of Legal Medicine. Also used were data obtained from the Berlin Transport Police Record. The casualties were aged between 13 and 25 years, most of them between 16 and 20. The male-female gender ratio was 13:1. Accidents occurred above all in the warmer season of the year, most of them between 20:00 h and midnight. More than 50% of all cases were affected by alcohol, but centrally acting medicaments or other addictive drugs were not noticed at all. Most of the fatal accidents occurred to users of the Berlin S-Bahn network. Older train models were the preferred surfing objects due to their structural peculiarities. Collision with close-to-track obstacles and slipping from the train proved to be the major sources of danger. An analysis of injuries revealed polytraumatisation but for one exception, with craniocerebral injuries being the most common and severest events. The longest survival time amounted to 24 h. As the psychosocial causes of high-risk behaviour of adolescents will hardly be controllable, withdrawal of technical, that is structural design possibilities appears to be the most important approach to prevention of accidents in the future. This demand is met by the new series of the Berlin S-Bahn. The model of the old series, suitable for surfing, still accounts for about 10% of the rolling stock and is to be decommissioned in 1998.
本研究旨在从法医学角度分析柏林本地交通系统（城市铁路和地铁）中因扒乘火车导致的致命事故。调查时间段为1989年至1995年，共有41起扒乘火车事故，其中18起导致死亡。评估涵盖了经法医尸检的14例死亡案例。评估依据柏林各大学机构（洪堡大学和自由大学）以及勃兰登堡州法医学研究所的尸检记录。同时还使用了从柏林交通警察记录中获取的数据。伤亡者年龄在13岁至25岁之间，大多数在16岁至20岁之间。男女比例为13:1。事故主要发生在一年中的温暖季节，大多数在20:00至午夜之间。超过50%的案例涉及酒精，但未发现有中枢作用药物或其他成瘾性药物。大多数致命事故发生在柏林城市铁路网络的使用者身上。由于其结构特点，旧型号列车是首选的扒乘对象。与轨道附近障碍物碰撞以及从火车上滑落被证明是主要危险来源。对损伤的分析显示多部位创伤，但有一个例外，颅脑损伤是最常见和最严重的情况。最长存活时间为24小时。由于青少年高危行为的社会心理原因几乎无法控制，消除技术上的，即结构设计上的可能性似乎是未来预防事故的最重要方法。柏林城市铁路的新系列满足了这一需求。适合扒乘的旧系列型号仍占机车车辆总数的约10%，将于1998年退役。
