Lindenberg C S, Solorzano R, Kelley M, Darrow V, Gendrop S C, Strickland O
Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
J Drug Educ. 1998;28(2):117-34. doi: 10.2190/VVC5-4MLM-892Q-V6EB.
Statistics show that use of harmful substances (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine) among women of childbearing age is widespread and serious. Numerous theoretical models and empirical studies have attempted to explain the complex factors that lead individuals to use drugs. The Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse [1] is one model developed to explain parameters that influence drug use. According to the model, the likelihood of an individual engaging in drug use is seen as a function of the stress level and the extent to which it is offset by stress modifiers such as social networks, social competencies, and resources. The variables of the denominator are viewed as interacting with each other to buffer the impact of stress [1]. This article focuses on one of the constructs in this model: that of competence. It presents a summary of theoretical and conceptual formulations for the construct of competence, a review of empirical evidence for the association of competence with drug use, and describes the preliminary development of a multi-scale instrument designed to assess drug protective competence among low-income Hispanic childbearing women. Based upon theoretical and empirical studies, eight domains of drug protective competence were identified and conceptually defined. Using subscales from existing instruments with psychometric evidence for their validity and reliability, a multi-scale instrument was developed to assess drug protective competence. Hypothesis testing was used to assess construct validity. Four drug protective competence domains (social influence, sociability, self-worth, and control/responsibility) were found to be statistically associated with drug use behaviors. Although not statistically significant, expected trends were observed between drug use and the other four domains of drug protective competence (intimacy, nurturance, goal directedness, and spiritual directedness). Study limitations and suggestions for further psychometric testing of the instrument are described.
统计数据表明，育龄妇女中使用有害物质（酒精、香烟、大麻、可卡因）的情况普遍且严重。众多理论模型和实证研究试图解释导致个人使用毒品的复杂因素。药物滥用的社会压力模型[1]就是为解释影响药物使用的参数而开发的一种模型。根据该模型，个人使用毒品的可能性被视为压力水平以及诸如社交网络、社交能力和资源等压力调节因素对其抵消程度的函数。分母中的变量被视为相互作用以缓冲压力的影响[1]。本文聚焦于该模型中的一个构念：能力。它概述了能力构念的理论和概念表述，回顾了能力与药物使用关联的实证证据，并描述了一种多维度工具的初步开发情况，该工具旨在评估低收入西班牙裔育龄妇女的药物防护能力。基于理论和实证研究，确定并从概念上界定了药物防护能力的八个领域。利用现有工具中具有效度和信度心理测量证据的子量表，开发了一种多维度工具来评估药物防护能力。采用假设检验来评估结构效度。发现四个药物防护能力领域（社会影响、社交性、自我价值以及控制/责任）与药物使用行为在统计学上相关。尽管在统计学上不显著，但在药物使用与药物防护能力的其他四个领域（亲密关系、养育、目标导向和精神导向）之间观察到了预期趋势。描述了研究局限性以及对该工具进一步进行心理测量测试的建议。
