Merletti F, Richiardi L, Boffetta P
Unità di Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Centro per la Prevenzione Oncologica, Università di Torino.
Med Lav. 1998 Mar-Apr;89(2):149-63.
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an established cause of lung cancer, ischaemic heart disease and chronic respiratory disease in adults and of asthma in children. A meta-analysis of 48 risk estimates from 39 published studies in non smokers gave a relative risk of 1.24 (95% Confidence Interval: 1.15-1.34), 1.14 (95% CI: 0.98-1.33) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.92-1.43) for spousal, working environment and childhood ETS exposures. Misclassification of active smokers, exposure to ETS in reference groups, dietary confounding and publication bias have little effect on the association with spousal exposure. Estimates of the number of lung cancer deaths attributable to ETS from spousal exposure gave 1146 and 200 yearly deaths in the European Union (EU) and Italy respectively. Review of the available evidence confirms that exposure to ETS increases the risk for lung cancer and other diseases and is an important public health problem in the EU and Italy.
接触环境烟草烟雾（ETS）已被确认为成年人肺癌、缺血性心脏病和慢性呼吸道疾病以及儿童哮喘的病因。对39项已发表的关于非吸烟者的研究中的48个风险估计值进行的荟萃分析显示，配偶接触、工作环境接触和儿童期接触ETS的相对风险分别为1.24（95%置信区间：1.15 - 1.34）、1.14（95%置信区间：0.98 - 1.33）和1.15（95%置信区间：0.92 - 1.43）。主动吸烟者的错误分类、对照组中接触ETS的情况、饮食混杂因素和发表偏倚对与配偶接触的关联影响很小。配偶接触ETS导致的肺癌死亡人数估计在欧盟（EU）和意大利分别为每年1146例和200例。对现有证据的审查证实，接触ETS会增加患肺癌和其他疾病的风险，并且在欧盟和意大利是一个重要的公共卫生问题。
