Chittur K K
Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 35899, USA.
Biomaterials. 1998 Mar;19(4-5):357-69. doi: 10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00223-8.
It is now well accepted that the initial rapid adsorption of blood proteins to biomaterial surfaces is important in the long-term performance of the implant. Cells that interact with the implant will be reacting to a layer (single or multiple) of adsorbed protein. The parameters of importance in a study of protein adsorption to surfaces of biomaterial interest include total amounts of different adsorbed proteins and the conformation and orientation of these adsorbed proteins. Researchers have developed a number of techniques with which we can now address all these questions. In this paper, we have discussed how Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total internal reflection (ATR) techniques can be used for the study of biomaterial surfaces and events at biomaterial surfaces such as protein adsorption. FTIR spectroscopy offers higher signal-to-noise and speeds than spectrometers that use gratings and hence offers the capability of observing the critical early events when proteins interact with surfaces. Perhaps the biggest advantage of the FTIR technique over dispersive spectrometers is wavelength precision. This allows the subtraction of water, a strong infrared absorber, from the spectra of proteins in aqueous solutions. This review starts with an introduction of how ATR can be used to provide information about proteins on surfaces. Equations to calculate the amount of proteins adsorbed to surfaces from analysis of ATR spectra are presented. A discussion of the kinds of surfaces that can be analyzed by FTIR/ATR and difficulties with the subtraction of H2O is given. The rest of the review deals with how information of interest to biomaterials researchers such as kinetics of protein adsorption, changes in protein secondary structure and orientation upon adsorption to surfaces can be obtained by FTIR/ATR.
目前已普遍接受的是，血液蛋白质在生物材料表面的初始快速吸附对植入物的长期性能很重要。与植入物相互作用的细胞将对吸附蛋白层（单层或多层）做出反应。在研究蛋白质吸附到感兴趣的生物材料表面时，重要的参数包括不同吸附蛋白质的总量以及这些吸附蛋白质的构象和取向。研究人员已经开发出了一些技术，借助这些技术我们现在可以解决所有这些问题。在本文中，我们讨论了傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）衰减全内反射（ATR）技术如何用于研究生物材料表面以及生物材料表面发生的事件，如蛋白质吸附。与使用光栅的光谱仪相比，FTIR光谱仪具有更高的信噪比和速度，因此能够观察蛋白质与表面相互作用时的关键早期事件。FTIR技术相对于色散光谱仪的最大优势可能在于波长精度。这使得可以从水溶液中蛋白质的光谱中减去强红外吸收剂水。本综述首先介绍了ATR如何用于提供有关表面蛋白质的信息。给出了通过分析ATR光谱计算吸附到表面的蛋白质数量的方程式。讨论了可以通过FTIR/ATR分析的表面类型以及减去H2O的困难。综述的其余部分讨论了生物材料研究人员感兴趣的信息，如蛋白质吸附动力学、蛋白质吸附到表面时二级结构和取向的变化，如何通过FTIR/ATR获得。
