Iwabuchi A
Faculty of Arts, Shinshu University.
Appl Human Sci. 1998 May;17(3):97-108. doi: 10.2114/jpa.17.97.
When people see a visual scene, certain parts of the visual scene are treated as belonging together and we regard them as a perceptual unit, which is called a "figure". People focus on figures, and the remaining parts of the scene are disregarded as "ground". In Gestalt psychology this process is called "figure-ground segregation". According to current perceptual psychology, a figure is formed by binding various visual features in a scene, and developments in neuroscience have revealed that there are many feature-encoding neurons, which respond to such features specifically. It is not known, however, how the brain binds different features of an object into a coherent visual object representation. Recently, the theory of binding by neuronal synchrony, which argues that feature binding is dynamically mediated by neuronal synchrony of feature-encoding neurons, has been proposed. This review article portrays the problem of figure-ground segregation and features binding, summarizes neurophysiological and psychophysical experiments and theory relevant to feature binding by neuronal/stimulus synchrony, and suggests possible directions for future research on this topic.
当人们看到一个视觉场景时，视觉场景的某些部分会被视为属于一个整体，我们将它们视为一个感知单元，这被称为“图形”。人们会关注图形，而场景的其余部分则被视为“背景”而被忽略。在格式塔心理学中，这个过程被称为“图形-背景分离”。根据当前的感知心理学，图形是通过将场景中的各种视觉特征结合在一起而形成的，神经科学的发展表明存在许多特征编码神经元，它们对这些特征有特异性反应。然而，目前尚不清楚大脑是如何将物体的不同特征绑定成一个连贯的视觉物体表征的。最近，提出了神经元同步绑定理论，该理论认为特征绑定是由特征编码神经元的神经元同步动态介导的。这篇综述文章描绘了图形-背景分离和特征绑定的问题，总结了与神经元/刺激同步特征绑定相关的神经生理学和心理物理学实验及理论，并提出了该主题未来研究的可能方向。
