Proimos J, DuRant R H, Pierce J D, Goodman E
Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Pediatrics. 1998 Aug;102(2):e23. doi: 10.1542/peds.102.2.e23.
To examine the associations between a self-reported history of gambling or problems related to gambling and health risk behaviors in adolescence.
An anonymous risk behavior survey was administered to 21 297 8th- through 12th-grade students in 79 public and private schools in Vermont. Gambling or problems related to gambling were the outcome variables of interest. Demographic variables and 13 target risk behaviors related to substance use, sexual activity, and violence were tested for association with gambling and problems related to gambling.
Of the students, 53% reported gambling in the past 12 months, and 7% reported problems attributable to gambling. Male gender, any use of alcohol, infrequent use of cigarette smoking, any marijuana use, any inhalant use, infrequent steroid use, frequent illegal drug use, seatbelt nonuse, driving after drinking alcohol, being threatened, carrying a weapon, being involved in a fight, and years of sexual activity were all significantly associated with reported gambling in the past 12 months. Among the students who gambled, younger age, male gender, daily marijuana use, frequent use of cocaine, frequent use of inhalants, any steroid use, never wearing seatbelts, carrying a weapon for up to 3 days a month, fighting, and years of sexual activity were all significantly associated with reported problems with family and friends as a consequence of gambling. There was an increase in the absolute number of risk behaviors reported between those who had not gambled, those who had gambled, and those for whom gambling had created problems.
Risk behaviors are associated with gambling in adolescence. The typology of risk behaviors was different for adolescents who reported gambling compared with those for whom gambling had created problems. Both gambling and problems related to gambling were significantly associated with the absolute number of risk behaviors reported by adolescents in a graded manner. Involvement in gambling should be assessed as part of the health encounter. Assessment may provide a nonthreatening entry into the evaluation of other risk behaviors. Furthermore, it may identify youth who are at risk of developing additional risk behaviors or pathological gambling. Interventions then could be targeted toward prevention of these undesirable outcomes.
研究青少年自我报告的赌博史或与赌博相关的问题与健康风险行为之间的关联。
对佛蒙特州79所公立和私立学校的21297名8至12年级学生进行了一项匿名风险行为调查。赌博或与赌博相关的问题是感兴趣的结果变量。对人口统计学变量以及与物质使用、性活动和暴力相关的13种目标风险行为进行了测试，以确定其与赌博及与赌博相关问题的关联。
在这些学生中，53%报告在过去12个月内有过赌博行为，7%报告有因赌博导致的问题。男性、任何酒精使用、偶尔吸烟、任何大麻使用、任何吸入剂使用、偶尔使用类固醇、频繁使用非法药物、不系安全带(安全带未使用)、酒后驾车、受到威胁、携带武器、参与打架以及性活动年限均与过去12个月内报告的赌博行为显著相关。在赌博的学生中，年龄较小、男性、每日使用大麻、频繁使用可卡因、频繁使用吸入剂、任何类固醇使用、从不系安全带、每月携带武器长达3天、打架以及性活动年限均与因赌博导致的与家人和朋友之间的问题显著相关。未赌博者、赌博者以及赌博引发问题者报告的风险行为绝对数量呈上升趋势。
风险行为与青少年赌博有关。报告有赌博行为的青少年与赌博引发问题的青少年的风险行为类型不同。赌博及与赌博相关的问题均与青少年报告的风险行为绝对数量呈显著的分级关联。应将参与赌博情况作为健康检查的一部分进行评估。评估可为评估其他风险行为提供一个无威胁的切入点。此外，它可能识别出有发展出更多风险行为或病态赌博风险的青少年。然后可以针对预防这些不良后果进行干预。
