Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Am J Addict. 2013 Jul-Aug;22(4):417-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12026.x.
Young fatherhood is associated with various adverse outcomes. This study aims to describe the relationship of adolescent gambling with young fatherhood (by age 20) while adjusting for several young fatherhood antecedents.
Data were from 294 males who have been followed for 16 years since entering first grade in nine inner city public schools (86% African Americans, 81% of the original male cohort). Self-reports of impregnation (including age) and gambling were collected during late adolescence. Nelson-Aalen curves and Cox regression models assessed the hazard of young fatherhood among adolescent nongamblers, social gamblers, and problem gamblers.
More young fathers than nonfathers reported adolescent social (49.2% vs. 42.5%) and problem gambling (28.3% vs. 13.2%, p < .001). Problem gamblers were the most likely to impregnate someone by age 20, followed by social gamblers, then nongamblers. Problem gambling (aHR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.75, 5.72, p < .001) had the highest increased hazards of young fatherhood, followed by social gambling (aHR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.30, 2.94, p = .001), high school dropout (aHR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.70, p = .01), and subsidized lunch status (aHR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.01, 2.38, p = .04).
Adolescent male gamblers, particularly problem gamblers, were more likely than their nongambling peers to become fathers by the age of 20. Such a result shows that there is a subpopulation of males who are at high risk for adverse outcomes such as young parenthood and problem behaviors. Only through further studies could the needs of this subpopulation be better assessed so that appropriate assistance could be delivered to better the lives of such individuals.
青少年父亲身份与各种不良后果有关。本研究旨在描述青少年赌博与年轻父亲身份（20 岁以下）之间的关系，同时调整几个年轻父亲身份的先行因素。
数据来自 294 名男性，他们自进入九所市内公立学校一年级以来，已经接受了 16 年的跟踪调查（86%为非裔美国人，原始男性队列的 81%）。在青少年后期收集了怀孕（包括年龄）和赌博的自我报告。Nelson-Aalen 曲线和 Cox 回归模型评估了青少年非赌徒、社交赌徒和问题赌徒中年轻父亲的危险。
报告年轻父亲的人比非父亲的人更有可能在青少年时期进行社交赌博（49.2%比 42.5%）和问题赌博（28.3%比 13.2%，p<.001）。问题赌徒最有可能在 20 岁之前使某人怀孕，其次是社交赌徒，然后是非赌徒。问题赌博（aHR = 3.16，95%CI = 1.75，5.72，p<.001）增加年轻父亲身份的风险最高，其次是社交赌博（aHR = 1.95，95%CI = 1.30，2.94，p =.001）、高中辍学（aHR = 1.75，95%CI = 1.14，2.70，p =.01）和补贴午餐状况（aHR = 1.69，95%CI = 1.01，2.38，p =.04）。
青少年男性赌徒，尤其是问题赌徒，比他们的非赌徒同龄人更有可能在 20 岁之前成为父亲。这样的结果表明，存在一个男性亚群体，他们面临着年轻父母和问题行为等不良后果的高风险。只有通过进一步的研究，才能更好地评估这一亚群体的需求，以便为这些人提供适当的帮助，改善他们的生活。
