Cooley D M, Waters D J
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 1998 Jul-Aug;12(4):288-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1998.tb02124.x.
Although the skeleton represents a potentially important target for the metastatic spread of carcinoma, the clinicopathologic features of skeletal metastases in dogs have not been documented extensively. In particular, no reports have focused on dogs in which skeletal metastasis was the initial clinical manifestation of their malignancy. Medical records were reviewed for dogs with skeletal carcinoma and cases were subdivided into 2 groups based upon the temporal relationship between the diagnosis of carcinoma and recognition of skeletal metastases. In 19 of 24 (79%) dogs, skeletal metastasis was the initial clinical manifestation of malignancy, and these dogs were studied in detail. Most affected dogs were elderly and weighted less than 25 kg. Thirty-six skeletal lesions were identified in 19 dogs. Skeletal metastases occurred most frequently in the axial skeleton and proximal long bones. Only 4 of 36 (11%) skeletal carcinomas occurred distal to the elbow or stifle. Mammary gland, prostate, and urinary bladder were the most common primary sites. In 11 of 19 (58%), dogs, the primary tumor could not be determined, and in 6 of these dogs, the primary tumor could not be identified despite complete postmortem evaluation. Physical examination and abdominal ultrasonography were most valuable in detecting the primary tumor. Although biopsy or fine-needle aspirate of skeletal lesions was essential in the diagnosis of skeletal carcinoma, these procedures did not yield definitive information on the primary tumor site. This report documents that the majority of skeletal metastases are diagnosed in dogs without a previous diagnosis of carcinoma. Detection of the primary tumor in these cases may be challenging, and skeletal metastases are frequently attributable to carcinoma of unknown origin.
尽管骨骼是癌转移扩散的一个潜在重要靶点，但犬骨骼转移瘤的临床病理特征尚未得到广泛记录。特别是，尚无报告聚焦于骨骼转移是其恶性肿瘤初始临床表现的犬。我们回顾了患有骨骼癌的犬的病历，并根据癌诊断与骨骼转移识别之间的时间关系将病例分为两组。在24只犬中的19只（79%）中，骨骼转移是恶性肿瘤的初始临床表现，对这些犬进行了详细研究。大多数患病犬年龄较大，体重不足25千克。在19只犬中发现了36处骨骼病变。骨骼转移最常发生于中轴骨骼和近端长骨。36处骨骼癌中只有4处（11%）发生于肘部或膝关节远端。乳腺、前列腺和膀胱是最常见的原发部位。在19只犬中的11只（58%）中，无法确定原发肿瘤，其中6只犬尽管进行了完整的尸检评估仍无法识别原发肿瘤。体格检查和腹部超声检查在检测原发肿瘤方面最有价值。尽管骨骼病变的活检或细针穿刺抽吸对于骨骼癌的诊断至关重要，但这些操作并未提供关于原发肿瘤部位的确切信息。本报告表明，大多数骨骼转移瘤是在之前未诊断出癌症的犬中被诊断出来的。在这些病例中检测原发肿瘤可能具有挑战性，并且骨骼转移瘤通常归因于来源不明的癌症。
