Cai Y, Benno Y, Ogawa M, Ohmomo S, Kumai S, Nakase T
Japan Collection of Microorganisms, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198,, Japan.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Aug;64(8):2982-7. doi: 10.1128/AEM.64.8.2982-2987.1998.
Lactobacillus spp. from an inoculant and Weissella and Leuconostoc spp. from forage crops were characterized, and their influence on silage fermentation was studied. Forty-two lactic acid-producing cocci were obtained from forage crops and grasses. All isolates were gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci that produced gas from glucose, and produced more than 90% of their lactate in the D-isomer form. These isolates were divided into groups A and B by sugar fermentation patterns. Two representative strains from the two groups, FG 5 and FG 13, were assigned to the species Weissella paramesenteroides and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, respectively, on the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness. Strains FG 5, FG 13, and SL 1 (Lactobacillus casei), isolated from a commercial inoculant, were used as additives to alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silage preparations. Lactic acid bacterium counts were higher in all additive-treated silages than in the control silage at an early stage of ensiling. During silage fermentation, inoculation with SL 1 more effectively inhibited the growth of aerobic bacteria and clostridia than inoculation with strain FG 5 or FG 13. SL 1-treated silages stored well. However, the control and FG 5- and FG 13-treated silages had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH and butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents and significantly (P < 0. 05) lower lactate content than SL 1-treated silage. Compared with the control silage, SL 1 treatments reduced the proportion of D-(-)-lactic acid, gas production, and dry matter loss in two kinds of silage, but the FG 5 and FG 13 treatments gave similar values in alfalfa silages and higher values (P < 0.05) in Italian ryegrass silage. The results confirmed that heterofermentative strains of W. paramesenteroides FG 5 and L. pseudomesenteroides FG 13 did not improve silage quality and may cause some fermentation loss.
对来自接种剂的乳酸杆菌属以及来自饲料作物的魏斯氏菌属和明串珠菌属进行了特性分析，并研究了它们对青贮饲料发酵的影响。从饲料作物和牧草中分离出42株产乳酸球菌。所有分离株均为革兰氏阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性的球菌，能利用葡萄糖产气，且其产生的乳酸中90%以上为D-异构体形式。这些分离株根据糖发酵模式分为A组和B组。基于DNA-DNA相关性，将两组中的两个代表性菌株FG 5和FG 13分别鉴定为副干酪魏斯氏菌和类肠系膜明串珠菌。从商业接种剂中分离出的菌株FG 5、FG 13和SL 1（干酪乳杆菌）用作苜蓿和意大利黑麦草青贮制剂的添加剂。在青贮初期，所有添加处理的青贮饲料中乳酸菌数量均高于对照青贮饲料。在青贮发酵过程中，接种SL 1比接种菌株FG 5或FG 13更有效地抑制需氧菌和梭菌的生长。经SL 1处理的青贮饲料保存良好。然而，对照以及经FG 5和FG 13处理的青贮饲料的pH值、丁酸和氨态氮含量显著（P<0.05）高于经SL 1处理的青贮饲料，而乳酸含量显著（P<0.05）低于经SL 1处理的青贮饲料。与对照青贮饲料相比，SL 1处理降低了两种青贮饲料中D-(-)-乳酸的比例、气体产生量和干物质损失，但FG 5和FG 13处理在苜蓿青贮饲料中的数值相似，而在意大利黑麦草青贮饲料中的数值更高（P<0.05）。结果证实，副干酪魏斯氏菌FG 5和类肠系膜明串珠菌FG 13的异型发酵菌株并不能提高青贮饲料质量，且可能导致一些发酵损失。
