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光合细菌中的固氮作用与氢代谢

Nitrogen fixation and hydrogen metabolism in photosynthetic bacteria.

作者信息

Meyer J, Kelley B C, Vignais P M

出版信息

Biochimie. 1978;60(3):245-60. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9084(78)80821-9.

Abstract

The photosynthetic bacteria are found in a wide range of specialized aquatic environments. These bacteria represent important members of the microbial community since they are capable of carrying out two of the most important processes on earth, namely, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, at the expense of solar energy. Since the discovery that these bacteria could fix atmospheric nitrogen, there has been an intensification of studies relating to both the biochemistry and physiology of this process. The practical importance of this field is emphasized by a consideration of the tremendous energy input required for the production of artificial nitrogenous fertilizer. The present communication aims to briefly review the current state of knowledge relating to certain aspects of nitrogen fixation by the photosynthetic bacteria. The topics that will be discussed include a general survey of the nitrogenase system in the various photosynthetic bacteria, the regulation of both nitrogenase biosynthesis and activity, recent advances in the genetics of the nitrogen fixing system, and the hydrogen cycle in these bacteria. In addition, a brief discussion of some of some of the possible practical applications provided by the photosynthetic bacteria will be presented.

摘要

光合细菌存在于各种特殊的水生环境中。这些细菌是微生物群落的重要成员,因为它们能够利用太阳能进行地球上最重要的两个过程,即光合作用和固氮作用。自从发现这些细菌能够固定大气中的氮以来,关于这一过程的生物化学和生理学的研究不断加强。考虑到生产人造氮肥所需的巨大能量投入,这一领域的实际重要性得到了凸显。本通讯旨在简要回顾目前关于光合细菌固氮某些方面的知识现状。将讨论的主题包括对各种光合细菌中固氮酶系统的概述、固氮酶生物合成和活性的调节、固氮系统遗传学的最新进展以及这些细菌中的氢循环。此外,还将简要讨论光合细菌可能提供的一些实际应用。

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