Harvey C E, Shofer F S, Laster L
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6010, USA.
J Vet Dent. 1994 Oct;11(3):94-105.
Thirteen hundred and fifty dogs were examined under anesthesia at veterinary hospitals in the USA and Canada. Periodontal health was recorded in detail. Teeth were frequently absent (particularly lower third molar, upper and lower first premolars, and incisor teeth). Calculus was most extensive on the upper fourth premolar and molar teeth. Missing teeth, mobility of remaining teeth, extent of calculus and gingival inflammation, and furcation exposure and attachment loss all were more common in small dogs compared with larger dogs, and in order dogs compared with younger dogs.
在美国和加拿大的兽医医院，对1350只狗进行了麻醉检查。详细记录了牙周健康状况。牙齿常常缺失（尤其是下颌第三磨牙、上颌和下颌第一前磨牙以及切牙）。牙结石在上颌第四前磨牙和磨牙上最为广泛。与大型犬相比，小型犬以及与年轻犬相比，老龄犬的缺牙、剩余牙齿的松动、牙结石和牙龈炎症的程度、根分叉暴露和附着丧失更为常见。
