Riedl B, Nischik M, Birklein F, Neundörfer B, Handwerker H O
Institut für Physiologie und Experimentelle Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen, Germany.
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1998 Apr 30;69(2-3):83-8. doi: 10.1016/s0165-1838(98)00016-2.
Acetylcholine (ACh) applied to human skin is known to elicit a sweat response, which consists of a direct muscarinergic (M3) activation of sweat glands and a nicotinic axon reflex response from sudomotor terminals. To visualize the extent of axon reflex sweating after ACh-iontophoresis, iodine starch staining was used. Iontophoresis was performed under occlusion at the peroneal aspects of the lower leg and the center of the foot dorsum of healthy volunteers (n = 10). Ten minutes after stimulation, the area of dark blue staining was recorded by a video camera. Control experiments were performed with saline, histamine, pilocarpine and nicotine iontophoresis. The stained area was measured and the maximum and minimum distance of its boundary from the edge of the iontophoresis probe was determined (maximum/minimum radius). Sizes of stained areas and maximum radii were significantly greater on the lower leg compared to the foot (P < 0.01). The median sizes of the stained areas on the leg were 14.6 cm2 and on the foot dorsum 8.0 cm2. The respective median maximum radii were 3.1 cm on the leg and 2.3 cm on the foot dorsum (median minimum, leg 1.1 cm, foot 0.8 cm). These results match microneurographic findings of innervation territories of sympathetic efferent units. Area sizes of stained skin showed a close correlation between both stimulation sites (R = 0.96, P < 0.01), i.e. the sizes of sweat responses on leg and foot show a constant relation (foot/leg = 0.57) in spite of their great interindividual variability. This novel technique of establishing sweat responses provides information on the size of sudomotor innervation territories and may be useful for clinical studies in patients with suspected impairment of sympathetic functions.
已知将乙酰胆碱（ACh）应用于人体皮肤会引发汗液反应，该反应包括汗腺的直接毒蕈碱能（M3）激活以及来自汗腺运动终末的烟碱能轴突反射反应。为了观察ACh离子电渗疗法后轴突反射性出汗的范围，采用了碘淀粉染色法。在健康志愿者（n = 10）小腿的腓侧和足背中部进行封闭状态下的离子电渗疗法。刺激10分钟后，用摄像机记录深蓝色染色区域。用生理盐水、组胺、毛果芸香碱和尼古丁离子电渗疗法进行对照实验。测量染色区域的大小，并确定其边界与离子电渗探针边缘的最大和最小距离（最大/最小半径）。与足部相比，小腿上染色区域的大小和最大半径明显更大（P < 0.01）。小腿上染色区域的中位大小为14.6平方厘米，足背上为8.0平方厘米。各自的小腿中位最大半径为3.1厘米，足背为2.3厘米（小腿中位最小半径为1.1厘米，足背为0.8厘米）。这些结果与交感传出单位神经支配区域的微神经图研究结果相符。染色皮肤区域的大小在两个刺激部位之间显示出密切的相关性（R = 0.96，P < 0.01），即尽管个体间差异很大，但腿部和足部的汗液反应大小呈现出恒定的关系（足部/腿部 = 0.57）。这种建立汗液反应的新技术提供了有关汗腺运动神经支配区域大小的信息，可能对疑似交感神经功能受损患者的临床研究有用。
