Horn K, Dörre W
Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1976;144(2):99-106.
In the modern way of thinking, the influence of environmental aerosol on human health represents a partial problem of the manifold interrelations between biological, chemical, and physical environmental factors in terms of their combined and complex effect on the human organism, including the socio-economic environmental conditions. As regards the air as an environmental factor, two fundamental problems are being dealt with in some detail under this particular aspect: the relation between exposure and effect, and the conception of limiting values for the protection of human health. The traditional conception of "one cause--one effect" is inappropriate for dealing with this complex set of problems and has to be replaced by the "many causes--many effects" principle while paying heed to nonspecific as well as indirect effects on the health and well-being of man. The difficulties encountered in clarifying the relation between exposure and effect, and in assessing air pollution from the hygienic point of view are pointed out, and an outline of the present state of knowledge and of the experimental and epidemiological methods of research as applied in this field is given. In conclusion the principles for the determination of air-hygienic standards are expounded.
按照现代思维方式，环境气溶胶对人类健康的影响，就生物、化学和物理环境因素对人体包括社会经济环境条件在内的综合复杂影响而言，只是众多相互关系中的一个局部问题。就空气作为一种环境因素而言，在这一特定方面会较为详细地探讨两个基本问题：暴露与效应之间的关系，以及保护人类健康的限值概念。传统的“一因一果”观念不适用于处理这一系列复杂问题，必须用“多因多果”原则取而代之，同时要注意对人类健康和福祉的非特异性以及间接影响。指出了在阐明暴露与效应之间的关系以及从卫生学角度评估空气污染时所遇到的困难，并概述了该领域目前的知识状况以及所应用的实验和流行病学研究方法。最后阐述了确定空气卫生标准的原则。
