Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin D2 against the proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines and hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer.

The inhibitory action of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and its effect on the cell cycle were examined in cell lines SW480 and LS174T of human colon cancer. The growth of the cell lines were assessed 24 h and 48 h after the addition of 1.0 microgram/ml and 10.0 micrograms/ml PGD2. The growth of SW480 cells was inhibited 48 h, but not 24 h, after the addition of 1.0 microgram/ml, and 24 h and 48 h after the addition of 10.0 micrograms/ml, while that of LS174T was inhibited by both doses after 24 h and 48 h. S-Phase DNA synthesis in the SW480 cells was significantly blocked 24 h after the addition of 10.0 micrograms/ml PGD2. The cell cycle of LS174T cells was arrested at the G0 + G1 phase 24 h after the addition of 1.0 microgram/ml and 10.0 micrograms/ml PGD2. The correlation between hepatic metastasis and PGD2 concentration in human cancer tissue was examined. The mean value of PGD2 concentrations in the primary cancer tissue was significantly lower in the hepatic metastasis group than that in the group without hepatic metastasis. These findings suggest that measuring the PGD2 in cancer tissue may be useful for detecting and predicting the hepatic metastasis from human colorectal cancer.