Enander R T, Gute D M, Missaghian R
State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Department of Environmental Management, Providence 02908, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1998 Jul;59(7):478-89. doi: 10.1080/15428119891010235.
In 1996 a survey of pollution prevention, environmental control, and occupational health and safety practices was conducted in the Rhode Island automotive refinishing industry sector. In conjunction with project partners, the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management developed a multidimensional survey instrument to identify risk reduction opportunities. Investigators sought to characterize the range of environmental and industrial hygiene control employed by Rhode Island facilities for the purposes of focusing state technical and compliance assistance efforts. Data were collected on a diverse range of subject areas including work force demographics; source reduction; potential health hazards; worker protection and safety; solid and hazardous waste management; and air pollution control. Nearly one-half of the shops employ three or fewer people, and in many cases, spray painters double as body repair technicians thereby increasing their potential exposure to workplace contaminants. While nearly all of the shops reported that they use spray painting booths, only 38% own booths the more effective downdraft design. Based on the self-reported data, recently promulgated state air pollution control regulations (requiring the use of compliant coatings, enclosed or modified spray gun cleaners, and high-volume, low-pressure, spray guns) appear to be effective at motivating companies toward source reduction. A range of risk reduction opportunities were identified as input material changes, technology changes, and improved operating practices. Better methods of risk communication; a professional licensing requirement; and targeted training, compliance, and technical assistance would help to achieve greater levels of risk reduction in this mature, high-hazard industry.
1996年，罗德岛州对汽车修补漆行业的污染预防、环境控制以及职业健康与安全实践进行了一项调查。罗德岛州环境管理部与项目合作伙伴共同开发了一种多维度调查工具，以确定降低风险的机会。调查人员试图描述罗德岛州各设施所采用的环境和工业卫生控制范围，以便集中该州的技术和合规援助工作。收集了一系列不同主题领域的数据，包括劳动力人口统计数据；源头削减；潜在健康危害；工人保护与安全；固体和危险废物管理；以及空气污染控制。近一半的店铺雇员人数为三人或更少，而且在许多情况下，喷漆工兼任车身修理技师，从而增加了他们接触工作场所污染物的可能性。虽然几乎所有店铺都报告称他们使用喷漆房，但只有38%拥有更有效的下吸式设计喷漆房。根据自我报告的数据，最近颁布的州空气污染控制法规（要求使用合规涂料、封闭式或改良型喷枪清洁剂以及高流量、低压力喷枪）似乎有效地促使企业进行源头削减。一系列降低风险的机会被确定为原料变更、技术变更以及改进操作实践。更好的风险沟通方法；专业执照要求；以及有针对性的培训、合规和技术援助将有助于在这个成熟的高风险行业实现更高水平的风险降低。
