Liu Youcheng, Stowe Meredith H, Bello Dhimiter, Woskie Susan R, Sparer Judy, Gore Rebecca, Youngs Fred, Cullen Mark R, Redlich Carrie A
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2006 May;3(5):234-49. doi: 10.1080/15459620600628704.
This study, part of the Survey of Painters and Repairers of Auto bodies by Yale (SPRAY), evaluated the effectiveness of respiratory protection against exposure to aliphatic polyisocyanates. A total of 36 shops were assessed for respiratory protection program completeness; 142 workers were measured for respirator fit factor (FF) using PortaCount Plus respirator fit tester. Twenty-two painters from 21 shops were sampled using NIOSH method 5525 to determine the workplace protection factor (WPF) of negative pressure, air-purifying half-facepiece respirators equipped with organic vapor cartridges and paint prefilters during spray-painting and priming activities. Only 11 shops (30%) had written respiratory protection programs. Eighty percent of all fit tested workers passed the test on the first try with FF >or= 100, and 92% passed the second test after respirator use training. Overall geometric mean (GM) FF was 1012 for all fit tested workers. Significant differences on pass rate (92% vs. 72%) and on FF (1990 vs. 736) were found between previously fit tested workers vs. nontested workers. Twenty-nine WPF samples were collected. The outside facepiece GM concentration of total isocyanate group (NCO) was 378.4 micro g NCO/m(3) with 96% concentrations exceeding the U.K. short-term exposure limit, 70 micro g NCO/m(3), but no in-facepiece concentrations exceeded the limit. The GM WPF of total NCO was 319 (GSD 4) and the 5th percentile was 54. WPF of total NCO was positively correlated with the duration of painting task. FF positively correlated with WPF when FF was <or=450 but negatively correlated with WPF when FF was >450. We conclude that negative pressure, air-purifying half-facepiece respirators equipped with organic vapor cartridges and paint prefilters provide effective protection against isocyanate exposure in spray and priming operations if workers are properly trained and fitted.
这项研究是耶鲁大学汽车车身喷漆工与修理工调查（SPRAY）的一部分，评估了呼吸防护对防止接触脂肪族多异氰酸酯的有效性。共评估了36家店铺的呼吸防护计划完整性；使用PortaCount Plus呼吸器适配性测试仪对142名工人的呼吸器适配因数（FF）进行了测量。采用美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）方法5525，从21家店铺抽取了22名喷漆工，以确定在喷漆和底漆作业期间，配备有机蒸气滤毒罐和油漆预过滤器的负压空气净化半面罩呼吸器的工作场所防护因数（WPF）。只有11家店铺（30%）有书面呼吸防护计划。所有接受适配性测试的工人中，80%在首次测试时FF≥100通过了测试，在呼吸器使用培训后，92%通过了第二次测试。所有接受适配性测试的工人的总体几何均值（GM）FF为1012。在之前接受过适配性测试的工人与未测试工人之间，发现通过率（92%对72%）和FF（1990对736）存在显著差异。收集了29个WPF样本。总异氰酸酯基团（NCO）的面罩外部GM浓度为378.4μg NCO/m³，96%的浓度超过了英国短期接触限值70μg NCO/m³，但面罩内浓度均未超过限值。总NCO的GM WPF为319（几何标准差4），第5百分位数为54。总NCO的WPF与喷漆任务持续时间呈正相关。当FF≤450时，FF与WPF呈正相关，但当FF>450时，FF与WPF呈负相关。我们得出结论，如果工人经过适当培训和适配，配备有机蒸气滤毒罐和油漆预过滤器的负压空气净化半面罩呼吸器在喷漆和底漆作业中能有效防护异氰酸酯暴露。
