Kraemer W J, Duncan N D, Volek J S
Department of Kinesiology/Noll Physiological Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998 Aug;28(2):110-9. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1998.28.2.110.
The skepticism surrounding the potential benefits of resistance exercise training prevalent just decades ago has evolved over the years to an understanding of the integral nature muscular overload plays in the training programs for athletes. The science of training elite athletes is progressing rapidly, as insights into the physiological adaptations resulting from varying program configurations become available. Resistance training impacts several body systems, including muscular, endocrine, skeletal, metabolic, immune, neural, and respiratory. An understanding and appreciation of basic scientific principles related to resistance training is necessary in order to optimize training responses. Careful selection of the acute program variables in a workout to simulate sports-specific movements is required for optimal transfer of gains made in training to competition. Thus, whether athletes require predominantly eccentric, isometric, slow-velocity, or high-velocity strength or power in their athletic event will dictate the time commitment to each component and form the basis for designing individual workouts. Program variation over a training period is essential to maximize gains and prevent overtraining.
就在几十年前，人们对阻力训练潜在益处还普遍持怀疑态度，但多年来这种态度已演变为认识到肌肉超负荷在运动员训练计划中所起的不可或缺的作用。随着对不同训练方案配置所产生的生理适应性的深入了解，精英运动员训练科学正在迅速发展。阻力训练会影响多个身体系统，包括肌肉、内分泌、骨骼、代谢、免疫、神经和呼吸系统。为了优化训练反应，有必要理解和领会与阻力训练相关的基本科学原理。为了使训练中取得的进步最佳地转化到比赛中，需要在训练中精心选择急性训练变量以模拟特定运动动作。因此，运动员在其体育项目中主要需要离心、等长、慢速或高速力量或爆发力，这将决定对每个训练组成部分的时间投入，并构成设计个性化训练的基础。在一个训练周期内进行训练方案变化对于最大化训练效果和防止过度训练至关重要。
