Kumar R, Aggarwal A K
Department of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Trop Doct. 1998 Jul;28(3):134-6. doi: 10.1177/004947559802800304.
In this prospective study, axillary temperature of newborns delivered at home were recorded by a field worker once within a period of 24 h after the birth in 10 villages of Haryana, India, during 1992-1993. Room air temperature was measured at the same time. Family members were interviewed to record newborn care practices. Of the 189 babies, 11.1% were found to be hypothermic (temperature < 35.6 degrees C) and 22.8% were hyperthermic (temperature > 37.3 degrees C). During winter months 19.1% were hypothermic as compared to only 3.1% in summer whereas 8.5% were hyperthermic in winter compared to 36.8% in summer. Room air temperature of < 24 degrees C was recorded in 41%. A strong correlation was observed between room air temperature and neonatal temperature. At the time of birth, 13.2% of the delivery rooms in summer and 73.6% in winter were reported to have heat source: 58.2% babies were reported to be wiped soon after birth; 97.3% were wrapped in cloth; the head was covered in 59.1% cases in winter and 10.5% in summer; 97.3% babies were kept with mother in same bed but not in skin-to-skin contact; and 65% were bathed within 24 h after delivery. Neonatal hypothermia is a common problem in developing countries. It is important that information, education and communication strategy about appropriate technologies for prevention and management of neonatal hypothermia is provided at domiciliary level. A significant proportion of babies are likely to suffer from hyperthermia in warm countries, specially in summer. Therefore, guidelines for thermal control in home births should be tailored to the specific environmental situation.
在这项前瞻性研究中，1992年至1993年期间，印度哈里亚纳邦10个村庄的一名现场工作人员在新生儿出生后24小时内对在家分娩的新生儿的腋窝温度进行了一次记录。同时测量了室内气温。对家庭成员进行访谈以记录新生儿护理做法。在189名婴儿中，发现11.1%体温过低（体温<35.6摄氏度），22.8%体温过高（体温>37.3摄氏度）。在冬季，19.1%的婴儿体温过低，而夏季仅为3.1%；冬季8.5%的婴儿体温过高，而夏季为36.8%。41%的室内气温记录<24摄氏度。观察到室内气温与新生儿体温之间有很强的相关性。出生时，据报告夏季13.2%的产房和冬季73.6%的产房有热源；据报告58.2%的婴儿出生后很快被擦拭；97.3%的婴儿用布包裹；冬季59.1%的病例头部被覆盖，夏季为10.5%；97.3%的婴儿与母亲同床但没有皮肤接触；65%的婴儿在出生后24小时内洗澡。新生儿体温过低在发展中国家是一个常见问题。在家庭层面提供关于预防和管理新生儿体温过低的适当技术的信息、教育和传播战略很重要。在温暖的国家，特别是在夏季，相当大比例的婴儿可能会体温过高。因此，家庭分娩的热控制指南应根据具体环境情况量身定制。
