Caulfield L E, Zavaleta N, Shankar A H, Merialdi M
Center for Human Nutrition, the Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2 Suppl):499S-508S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/68.2.499S.
Mild-to-moderate zinc deficiency may be relatively common worldwide, but the public health importance of this degree of zinc deficiency is not well defined. The purpose of this review was to provide a conceptual framework for evaluating the public health importance of maternal zinc deficiency as it relates to fetal growth and development, complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery, and maternal and infant health. The mechanisms through which zinc deficiency could influence health outcomes are well described. The results of experimental studies conducted in animal models have motivated concern about the potential health effects of mild-to-moderate maternal zinc deficiency. Observational studies in human populations have produced strong associations between poor maternal zinc status and various indicators of poor pregnancy outcome, but supplementation trials have not produced strong, or even consistent results. Supplementation trials are needed to define the public health importance of maternal zinc deficiency worldwide.
轻度至中度锌缺乏在全球范围内可能相对普遍，但这种程度的锌缺乏对公共卫生的重要性尚未明确界定。本综述的目的是提供一个概念框架，以评估孕产妇锌缺乏与胎儿生长发育、妊娠并发症、分娩及母婴健康相关的公共卫生重要性。锌缺乏可能影响健康结局的机制已有详细描述。在动物模型中进行的实验研究结果引发了人们对轻度至中度孕产妇锌缺乏潜在健康影响的关注。人群观察性研究表明孕产妇锌状态不佳与各种不良妊娠结局指标之间存在密切关联，但补充试验并未得出有力甚至一致的结果。需要进行补充试验来确定全球范围内孕产妇锌缺乏对公共卫生的重要性。
