van den Burg P J, Vrielink H, Reesink H W
Red Cross Blood Bank Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Vox Sang. 1998;74 Suppl 2:499-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05464.x.
Selection of donors is an important means to improve the overall safety of the blood supply. Since the AIDS epidemic emerged and after the introduction of sensitive screening tests for HIV, it became clear that blood donations given in the infectious 'window' period, formed the most important risk for recipients of blood products. Therefore, selection criteria became more and more stringent to exclude these high risk donors. Means to exclude high risk donors are non-remuneration, including a clear policy to provide no incentives which can be readily converted to cash, the avoidance of replacement donations, the discouragement of 'HIV test seeking' donors, education and information of donors about HIV and other blood-borne infectious diseases and the in depth questioning about risk behaviour, orally as well as by questionnaires. Although this policy of donor selection is recognized by most blood centers in the world, the efficacy of this selection has not been well documented. Therefore in future, studies should be performed to base these selection criteria on evidence.
献血者的筛选是提高血液供应整体安全性的重要手段。自从艾滋病流行以来，在引入针对艾滋病毒的敏感筛查测试之后，很明显，在感染“窗口期”进行的献血对血液制品接受者构成了最重要的风险。因此，筛选标准变得越来越严格，以排除这些高风险献血者。排除高风险献血者的方法包括无偿献血，包括明确规定不提供任何可轻易兑换成现金的激励措施，避免替代献血，劝阻“寻求艾滋病毒检测”的献血者，对献血者进行关于艾滋病毒和其他血源性传染病的教育和宣传，并通过口头询问和问卷调查深入了解其风险行为。尽管世界上大多数血液中心都认可这种献血者筛选政策，但这种筛选的效果尚未得到充分记录。因此，未来应开展研究，以便使这些筛选标准有证据可依。
