Beattie S, Schwarz P B, Horsley R, Barr J, Casper H H
Department of Food and Nutrition, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, USA.
J Food Prot. 1998 Jan;61(1):103-6. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-61.1.103.
A continuing outbreak of Fusarium head blight occurred on barley in the upper Midwest from 1993 to 1995. This resulted in barley with levels of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) reaching levels of concern for maltsters and brewers. This study evaluated the effect of 7 months of storage under different conditions (ambient outdoor temperature from October to April), -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, 24 degrees C with quiescent air, and 24 degrees C with forced air) on the viability of Fusarium and Alternaria infesting stored grain. Additionally, the ability of Fusarium to produce DON after storage and during malting was evaluated. Initial levels of infestation of barley by Fusarium and Alternaria were 85 and 75%, respectively. All storage condition reduced the viability of both molds slightly and significantly for Fusarium. Forced air ventilation at 24 degrees C was the type of storage most effective in reducing the viability of Fusarium, dropping the percentage of infected kernels to 66%. DON levels did not change after 7 months with respect to storage conditions. However, DON levels were lower in malt produced from barley stored at 24 degrees C with or without aeration. On-farm storage of infected barley at elevated temperatures may provide a means to reduce the level of DON in finished malts.
1993年至1995年，美国中西部上游地区的大麦持续爆发镰刀菌穗腐病。这导致大麦中的霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）含量达到了令麦芽商和啤酒酿造商担忧的水平。本研究评估了在不同条件下（10月至4月的室外环境温度、-20℃、4℃、静态空气条件下的24℃以及强制通风条件下的24℃）储存7个月对侵染储存谷物的镰刀菌和链格孢菌活力的影响。此外，还评估了储存后以及制麦过程中镰刀菌产生DON的能力。大麦最初被镰刀菌和链格孢菌侵染的水平分别为85%和75%。所有储存条件都略微降低了两种霉菌的活力，对镰刀菌的影响尤为显著。24℃强制通风是最能有效降低镰刀菌活力的储存方式，使受感染谷粒的比例降至66%。储存7个月后，DON水平并未因储存条件而改变。然而，在24℃储存（无论是否通气）的大麦所制成的麦芽中，DON水平较低。在农场将受感染的大麦在高温下储存，可能是一种降低成品麦芽中DON含量的方法。
