van Leeuwen T H, Steinhausen H C, Overtoom C C, Pascual-Marqui R D, van't Klooster B, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J A, Brandeis D
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Behav Brain Res. 1998 Jul;94(1):97-110. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00173-3.
A total of 11 children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and nine control children performed a continuous performance test (CPT) of the A-X type with concurrent neuroelectric brain mapping to assess preparatory processing, purportedly mediated by the frontal lobes. This cued CPT task proved to be a highly specific task. The groups could be clearly differentiated both at the behavioral and electrophysiological level. ADD children detected fewer signals and made more false alarms. There were no major group differences in topographical distribution of the event-related potential microstates, but ADD children displayed reduced global field power (GFP) in an early CNV/P3 microstate to cues. This indicated that impaired orienting to cues, rather than impaired executive target processing, determines the initial processing stages in ADD. In comparison with data from the same task run in Utrecht, the same orienting deficit in clinically diagnosed ADHD children was demonstrated. Low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) estimated posterior sources underlying these orienting processes and the orienting deficit. This argued against frontal lobe involvement at this stage and suggested involvement of a posterior attention system.
共有11名患有注意力缺陷障碍（ADD）的儿童和9名对照儿童进行了A-X型连续操作测试（CPT），同时进行神经电脑图谱检查，以评估据称由额叶介导的准备性加工。这项提示性CPT任务被证明是一项高度特异性的任务。两组在行为和电生理水平上都能明显区分。ADD儿童检测到的信号较少，误报较多。事件相关电位微状态的地形分布在两组之间没有主要差异，但ADD儿童在早期CNV/P3微状态对提示的反应中显示出整体场功率（GFP）降低。这表明，提示定向受损而非执行目标加工受损决定了ADD的初始加工阶段。与在乌得勒支进行的同一任务的数据相比，临床诊断的ADHD儿童存在相同的定向缺陷。低分辨率电磁断层扫描（LORETA）估计了这些定向过程和定向缺陷背后的后源。这表明在此阶段额叶没有参与，而是提示后注意系统参与其中。
