Franklin W E, Patterson J, Kulick M, Sexton J
Emergency Medicine Residency of the Lehigh Valley, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
Prehosp Emerg Care. 1997 Oct-Dec;1(4):273-6. doi: 10.1080/10903129708958823.
To compare the flow rates achieved by a new short-tubed infusion device with those obtained with a conventional apparatus, using gravity, manual pressure, and pneumatic inflation as the driving forces.
Ten paramedic volunteers were recruited for this prospective, randomized, controlled laboratory study. For the short-tubing setup, a new device, the port, was used to adapt standard 18-cm extension tubing directly to an i.v. bag [short tubing/port (STP) setup]. For the conventional (CON) setup, 280-cm tubing was used. Both study setups were tested on each of the volunteers with flow from a standard 250-mL bag of normal saline subjected to three types of driving force: 1) gravity alone, 2) pressure supplied by two hands squeezing the i.v. bag, and 3) a pneumatic pressure bag continuously inflated to 300 mm Hg. The mean flow rates for each driving force were compared between the two setups.
Using gravity flow, no significant difference was noted between the STP setup and the CON setup (0.40 vs 0.45 mL/sec, respectively, p > 0.4). However, when flow was augmented by pressure supplied by two hands squeezing the bag, mean flow was greater for the STP setup than for the CON setup (4.5 vs 2.7 mL/sec, respectively, p < 0.001). When flow was augmented by a pneumatic bag at 300 mm Hg, mean flow was again greater for the STP setup (5.6 mL/sec) than for the CON setup (3.3 mL/sec, p < 0.001).
Flow of crystalloid under pressure into a peripheral vein is markedly increased with the new STP setup as compared with the CON setup. Incorporation of this new setup in prehospital care would allow EMS personnel to infuse fluid more rapidly and conveniently during transport.
使用重力、手动压力和气动充气作为驱动力，比较一种新型短管输液装置与传统装置所达到的流速。
招募了10名护理人员志愿者参与这项前瞻性、随机对照实验室研究。对于短管设置，使用一种新型装置“端口”，将标准的18厘米延长管直接连接到静脉输液袋上[短管/端口（STP）设置]。对于传统（CON）设置，使用280厘米的管道。两种研究设置均在每位志愿者身上进行测试，标准250毫升生理盐水袋中的液体通过三种驱动力进行输液：1）仅靠重力，2）双手挤压静脉输液袋提供的压力，3）气动压力袋持续充气至300毫米汞柱。比较两种设置下每种驱动力的平均流速。
使用重力输液时，STP设置和CON设置之间未观察到显著差异（分别为0.40和0.45毫升/秒，p>0.4）。然而，当通过双手挤压袋子提供的压力来增加流速时，STP设置的平均流速高于CON设置（分别为4.5和2.7毫升/秒，p<0.001）。当通过300毫米汞柱的气动袋增加流速时，STP设置的平均流速（5.6毫升/秒）再次高于CON设置（3.3毫升/秒，p<0.001）。
与CON设置相比，新型STP设置显著增加了晶体液在压力下进入外周静脉的流速。将这种新设置纳入院前护理中，将使急救医疗服务人员在转运过程中能够更快速、方便地输注液体。
