Singh A, Ni J, Aggarwal B B
Department of Molecular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1998 Jul;18(7):439-50. doi: 10.1089/jir.1998.18.439.
Apoptotic signals are transduced by five death domain-containing receptors--TNFR1, Fas, DR3, DR4, and DR5--by binding to their ligands. The intracellular portion of all these receptors contains a region, approximately 80 amino acids long, referred to as the "death domain" (DD). On activation by its ligand, the DD recruits various proteins that mediate cell death. These proteins, in turn, recruit other proteins via their DDs or death effector domains (DED). The actual destruction of the cell, however, is accomplished by serial activation of a family of proteases referred to as caspases. Cell death is, in part, regulated by transmembrane decoy receptors that contain either none of or only part of the DD. This article briefly reviews what is known about the receptors and other proteins involved in apoptosis. In addition, because numerous proteins that mediate apoptosis have been discovered independently and simultaneously and thus are known by many different names, a comprehensive cross-referenced list of these proteins is provided.
凋亡信号通过与配体结合，由五种含死亡结构域的受体——肿瘤坏死因子受体1（TNFR1）、Fas、死亡受体3（DR3）、死亡受体4（DR4）和死亡受体5（DR5）进行转导。所有这些受体的细胞内部分都含有一个区域，大约80个氨基酸长，称为“死亡结构域”（DD）。当其配体激活时，DD招募各种介导细胞死亡的蛋白质。这些蛋白质反过来又通过其DD或死亡效应结构域（DED）招募其他蛋白质。然而，细胞的实际破坏是通过一系列称为半胱天冬酶的蛋白酶激活来完成的。细胞死亡部分受跨膜诱饵受体调节，这些受体要么不含DD，要么只含有部分DD。本文简要回顾了已知的参与凋亡的受体和其他蛋白质。此外，由于许多介导凋亡的蛋白质是独立且同时被发现的，因此有许多不同的名称，本文提供了这些蛋白质的综合交叉引用列表。
