Van Den Bos G C, Westerhof N, Elzinga G, Sipkema P
Cardiovasc Res. 1976 Sep;10(5):565-73. doi: 10.1093/cvr/10.5.565.
Experiments were performed in seven closed-chest anaesthetized male dogs to determine the role of pulse wave reflection in the pattern of flow and pressure in the ascending aorta. Ten days after implantation of an electromagnetic flow transducer around the ascending aorta a balloon catheter was placed in the descending aorta via the femoral arteries. At the same time a tip manometer was introduced into the ascending aorta. Aortic occlusions at three different sites caused pressure pulses with secondary systolic rises and flow pulses with biphasic deceleration. Secondary rises occurred 45 +/- 9.0 ms after the initial pressure rise for high aortic occlusion; this time was 75 +/- 8.5 ms for occlusion at the level of the diaphragm and 114 +/- 16.5 ms for occlusion near the level of the renal arteries. These times approximate the times in which the pulse travels from the tip manometer to the inflated balloons and back. Forward and reflected pressure and flow waves were calculated from reflection coefficients. Aortic occlusion caused larger reflected waves and the recorded wave forms were caused by the summation of forward and backward waves, the latter contributing the secondary pressure rise and the increased flow deceleration. Occlusion of both carotid arteries showed no specific reflection site but reflected waves were larger. This increased reflection can probably be explained as the result of greater total reflection from distributed sites under increased peripheral resistance.
对7只闭胸麻醉的雄性犬进行实验，以确定脉搏波反射在升主动脉血流和压力模式中的作用。在升主动脉周围植入电磁流量传感器10天后，通过股动脉将球囊导管置入降主动脉。同时，将顶端压力计插入升主动脉。在三个不同部位进行主动脉阻断，导致压力脉冲出现继发性收缩期上升，血流脉冲出现双相减速。对于高位主动脉阻断，继发性上升出现在初始压力上升后45±9.0毫秒；膈肌水平阻断时，这个时间为75±8.5毫秒；肾动脉水平附近阻断时，这个时间为114±16.5毫秒。这些时间近似于脉搏从顶端压力计传播到充气球囊再返回的时间。根据反射系数计算出正向和反射的压力波与血流波。主动脉阻断导致更大的反射波，记录的波形是由正向波和反向波叠加而成，后者导致继发性压力上升和血流减速增加。双侧颈动脉阻断未显示出特定的反射部位，但反射波更大。这种反射增加可能是由于外周阻力增加时，来自分布部位的总反射增加所致。
