De Jongh A, Bongaarts G, Vermeule I, Visser K, De Vos P, Makkes P
Department of Social Dentistry and Dental Health Education, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 1998 Oct;36(10):971-82. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00064-3.
The present study was carried out to explore the relation between BII phobia and dental phobia. An additional aim was to determine the fainting tendency of dental phobics and BII phobics during an invasive treatment procedure. Participants were 63 patients undergoing treatment in a dental fear clinic, and 173 patients undergoing dental surgery in a university hospital. They completed measures on fears of particular medical and dental stimuli, fainting history, general trait anxiety, dental anxiety, BII anxiety, BII avoidance, and a questionnaire aimed to define a phobia based on DSM-IV criteria. Immediately after treatment information was obtained on exposures to blood or injections, state anxiety, and feelings of faintness during treatment. The results did not indicate any significant relationship between measures of dental anxiety and BII anxiety or BII avoidance. However, 57% of the dental phobic patients could also be classified as BII phobic. The proportion of dental phobics who reported fainting episodes in their past was similar to that of the BII phobics (37%), but none of the participants fainted during treatment. It is concluded that, albeit the level of co-occurrence for both types of phobias is high, dental phobia should be considered as a specific phobia, independent for the BII subtype within DSM-IV. Further, the findings are inconsistent with the notion that individuals with BII phobia have a remarkably high tendency to faint in the presence of their phobic stimuli.
本研究旨在探讨针头注射恐惧症（BII恐惧症）与牙科恐惧症之间的关系。另一个目的是确定牙科恐惧症患者和针头注射恐惧症患者在侵入性治疗过程中的昏厥倾向。研究对象包括63名在牙科恐惧诊所接受治疗的患者，以及173名在大学医院接受牙科手术的患者。他们完成了关于对特定医疗和牙科刺激的恐惧、昏厥史、一般特质焦虑、牙科焦虑、针头注射恐惧症焦虑、针头注射恐惧症回避行为的测量，以及一份旨在根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）标准定义恐惧症的问卷。在治疗结束后，立即收集有关患者在治疗过程中接触血液或注射的情况、状态焦虑以及昏厥感觉的信息。结果并未表明牙科焦虑测量与针头注射恐惧症焦虑或针头注射恐惧症回避行为之间存在任何显著关系。然而，57%的牙科恐惧症患者也可被归类为针头注射恐惧症患者。报告过去有昏厥发作的牙科恐惧症患者比例与针头注射恐惧症患者相似（37%），但在治疗过程中没有参与者昏厥。研究得出结论，尽管两种恐惧症的共现水平较高，但牙科恐惧症应被视为一种特定的恐惧症，独立于DSM-IV中的针头注射恐惧症亚型。此外，研究结果与针头注射恐惧症患者在面对其恐惧刺激时具有极高昏厥倾向的观点不一致。
