Sawchuk C N, Lohr J M, Lee T C, Tolin D F
Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 1999 Mar;37(3):249-57. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00127-2.
Biased processing of threat-relevant information is a central construct among contemporary theories of anxiety. However, biases in attentional and memory processes have not been systematically investigated in blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia. Theory has suggested that disgust rather than fear characterizes BII phobia and may mediate processing biases differently. We investigated the effects of a disgust mood induction on attention and memory in BII phobic and nonphobic participants. The Stroop task failed to demonstrate an attentional bias toward medical and disgust words, even under conditions of disgust provocation. However, an implicit memory task showed that BII phobics completed more medical and disgust word stems than nonphobics. These results suggest that BII phobia may be characterized by a similar implicit memory, but not an attentional, bias found in other anxiety disorders. As such, information processing in BII phobia may be qualitatively different from other anxiety disorders. Implications for further research regarding information processing biases in BII phobia are discussed.
对威胁相关信息的偏向性加工是当代焦虑理论的核心概念。然而，在血液-注射-损伤（BII）恐惧症中，注意和记忆过程中的偏向尚未得到系统研究。理论表明，厌恶而非恐惧是BII恐惧症的特征，并且可能以不同方式介导加工偏向。我们研究了厌恶情绪诱导对BII恐惧症患者和非恐惧症参与者的注意和记忆的影响。即使在厌恶激发的条件下，Stroop任务也未能显示出对医学和厌恶词汇的注意偏向。然而，一项内隐记忆任务表明，BII恐惧症患者比非恐惧症患者完成了更多的医学和厌恶词干。这些结果表明，BII恐惧症可能具有与其他焦虑症相似的内隐记忆偏向，但没有注意偏向。因此，BII恐惧症中的信息加工可能在性质上与其他焦虑症不同。文中讨论了对BII恐惧症中信息加工偏向进行进一步研究的意义。
