van Os J, Selten J P
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
Br J Psychiatry. 1998 Apr;172:324-6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.172.4.324.
It has been suggested that prenatal exposure to maternal stress increases the risk of subsequently developing schizophrenia.
The five-day invasion and defeat of The Netherlands by the German army in May 1940 constituted a severe, well-circumscribed national stressful event. Individuals exposed and non-exposed to this stressor in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy were followed up for lifetime schizophrenia outcome through the National Psychiatric Case Register. REGISTER: Cumulative incidence of schizophrenia was higher in the exposed cohort (risk ratio (RR): 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.28), especially in those exposed in the first trimester (RR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.53). Significant interaction with gender was apparent in second trimester exposed cohorts (RR men: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74; RR women: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.61-1.12).
Maternal stress during pregnancy may contribute to the development of vulnerability to schizophrenia. The apparent longer window of exposure in male foetuses may be related to the slower pace of male early cerebral development.
有研究表明，孕期母亲承受压力会增加子女日后患精神分裂症的风险。
1940年5月德国军队对荷兰进行的为期五天的入侵和占领，构成了一场严重且范围明确的全国性应激事件。通过国家精神病病例登记册，对在孕期第一、二、三个月接触和未接触该应激源的个体进行随访，以了解其终生患精神分裂症的情况。登记情况：接触应激源的队列中精神分裂症的累积发病率较高（风险比（RR）：1.15，95%置信区间1.03 - 1.28），尤其是在孕期第一个月接触应激源的个体中（RR：1.28，95%置信区间1.07 - 1.53）。在孕期第二个月接触应激源的队列中，与性别存在显著交互作用（男性RR：1.35，95%置信区间：1.05 - 1.74；女性RR：0.83，95%置信区间：0.61 - 1.12）。
孕期母亲承受的压力可能导致易患精神分裂症的倾向。男性胎儿明显更长的暴露窗口期可能与男性早期大脑发育较慢的速度有关。
