Li G, Hooten E G, Baker S P, Butts J D
Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, MD 21287-2080, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998 Aug;69(8):755-60.
Previous studies examining the role of alcohol in aviation safety have been limited to pilots and the estimated degree of alcohol involvement in fatal aviation crashes was susceptible to selection bias because alcohol testing was not conducted on a routine basis. This study examines the magnitude of and factors related to alcohol involvement in both pilot and non-pilot aviation fatalities.
We analyzed medical examiner data on all victims who died in civilian aircraft crashes in North Carolina during 1985-94, complemented by crash investigation data from the National Transportation Safety Board.
During the 10-yr study period, the North Carolina Medical Examiner Information System recorded 337 aviation-related fatalities including 111 pilots. Alcohol testing was performed on 91% of the pilots and 72% of the non-pilot occupants. Of the victims who were tested for alcohol, 12% (7% of the pilots and 15% of non-pilot occupants) had positive blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), ranging from 0.02 to 0.14%. All four victims with BACs greater than 0.10% were pilots aged 20-29 yr who were fatally injured in nighttime general aviation crashes. In crashes of commercial flights, none of the pilots tested positive for alcohol, whereas 20% of the non-pilot occupants had positive BACs.
Intoxicated flying, particularly among young general aviation pilots, is still a valid concern. The aviation safety implications of alcohol use by passengers of commercial flights should be further examined.
以往关于酒精在航空安全中作用的研究仅限于飞行员，而且由于并非定期进行酒精检测，因此对致命航空事故中酒精涉入程度的估计容易出现选择偏倚。本研究调查了飞行员和非飞行员航空死亡事故中酒精涉入的程度及相关因素。
我们分析了1985 - 1994年期间在北卡罗来纳州死于民用飞机坠毁事故的所有受害者的法医数据，并辅以国家运输安全委员会的坠机调查数据。
在为期10年的研究期间，北卡罗来纳州法医信息系统记录了337起与航空相关的死亡事故，其中包括111名飞行员。对91%的飞行员和72%的非飞行员乘客进行了酒精检测。在接受酒精检测的受害者中，12%（飞行员中的7%和非飞行员乘客中的15%）血液酒精浓度（BAC）呈阳性，范围为0.02%至0.14%。血液酒精浓度大于0.10%的所有四名受害者均为20 - 29岁的飞行员，他们在夜间通用航空事故中受致命伤。在商业航班坠毁事故中，没有一名飞行员酒精检测呈阳性，而20%的非飞行员乘客血液酒精浓度呈阳性。
醉酒飞行，尤其是年轻的通用航空飞行员中的醉酒飞行，仍然是一个切实存在的问题。商业航班乘客饮酒对航空安全的影响应进一步研究。
