Schreuder B E, Noorman N, Halimi M, Van Dommelen M, Hennecken M, Wassink G
DLO-Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 1998 Apr;30(2):83-9. doi: 10.1023/a:1005083015319.
This paper reports further results of a two year livestock mortality survey in Afghanistan, where a war of more than a decade had completely disrupted the veterinary field services. A questionnaire-based survey to measure the impact of a veterinary field programme indicated that average annual mortality in cattle, sheep, and goats was substantially lower in districts that received veterinary services (covered districts) than in districts without any veterinary services (control districts). The impact of the programme varies according to the season and the age group of the animals involved. The programme lacked impact in winter, in particular in adult small ruminants. The highest impact was noted in the spring and autumn for adult goats, and summer and autumn for adult sheep. The impact of the programme was also limited (in small ruminants even completely absent) during the suckling period in young animals. The highest impact was noted in the post-weaning period in small ruminants, when approximately four times more lambs and kids died in the control districts than in the covered districts. It was concluded that the major impact of the veterinary programme was achieved when animals are in contact with other flocks during grazing seasons, when parasitic and infectious diseases are present and against which the veterinary programme is directed. Additional inputs-including extension activities-are therefore required to improve the effect of the programme in the winter and in the neonatal period.
本文报告了在阿富汗进行的为期两年的牲畜死亡率调查的进一步结果，在那里长达十多年的战争彻底扰乱了兽医现场服务。一项基于问卷调查的衡量兽医现场项目影响的调查表明，在接受兽医服务的地区（覆盖地区），牛、绵羊和山羊的年平均死亡率显著低于没有任何兽医服务的地区（对照地区）。该项目的影响因季节和所涉及动物的年龄组而异。该项目在冬季缺乏影响，尤其是对成年小型反刍动物。在春季和秋季对成年山羊、夏季和秋季对成年绵羊的影响最大。该项目在幼畜哺乳期的影响也有限（对小型反刍动物甚至完全没有影响）。在小型反刍动物断奶后期影响最大，此时对照地区的羔羊和幼山羊死亡数量比覆盖地区多约四倍。得出的结论是，当动物在放牧季节与其他畜群接触时，兽医项目能产生主要影响，此时存在寄生虫和传染病，而兽医项目正是针对这些疾病的。因此，需要额外的投入——包括推广活动——来提高该项目在冬季和新生儿期的效果。
