Connors G J, Maisto S A, Zywiak W H
Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
J Subst Abuse. 1998;10(1):27-42. doi: 10.1016/s0899-3289(99)80138-2.
This study was designed to examine male and female alcoholics' attributions of factors associated with the onset and termination of specific relapse events. In addition, data were gathered on factors associated with the achievement and maintenance of abstinent periods. The participants were 77 men and 65 women alcoholics entering alcoholism treatment who were followed for a 12-month period. The two relapse precipitants reported most often by the men were a desire to drink and feeling good. The women most often reported a desire to drink, psychological cravings, letting down one's guard, feeling down, and spouse/partner factors. The women more often reported letting down one's guard and spouse/partner factors as precipitants, relative to the men. Among the factors identified as associated with termination of a relapse, the influences most often endorsed were "just decided to stop" and, among women, feeling bad emotionally. The most frequently identified methods for achieving and maintaining abstinence were avoiding risky people and places, recalling drinking problems (especially among men), treatment, and use of self-help groups.
本研究旨在考察男性和女性酗酒者对与特定复发事件的开始和终止相关因素的归因。此外，还收集了与戒酒期的实现和维持相关因素的数据。研究参与者为77名男性和65名女性酗酒者，他们进入酒精成瘾治疗项目，并被跟踪了12个月。男性最常报告的两种复发诱因是想喝酒和感觉良好。女性最常报告的是想喝酒、心理渴望、放松警惕、情绪低落以及配偶/伴侣因素。相对于男性，女性更常报告放松警惕和配偶/伴侣因素是复发的诱因。在被确定与复发终止相关的因素中，最常被认可的影响因素是“只是决定停止”，而在女性中，则是情绪不好。实现和维持戒酒最常被提及的方法是避开有风险的人和场所、回忆饮酒问题（尤其是在男性中）、接受治疗以及参加自助小组。
