Laporte J R, Vidal X, Ballarín E, Ibáñez L
Institut Català de Farmacologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CSU Vall d'Hebron, Spain.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Aug;46(2):181-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00773.x.
To determine whether topical ocular chloramphenicol increases the risk of aplastic anaemia and to estimate the magnitude of this risk, if any.
Population-based prospective case-control surveillance of aplastic anaemia in a community of 4.2 million inhabitants from 1980 to 1995 (67.2 million person-years) plus case-population estimate of the risk, based on sales figures of ocular chloramphenicol in the study area during the study period.
One hundred and forty-five patients with aplastic anaemia and 1,226 controls were included in the analysis. Three cases (2.1%) and 5 controls (0.4%) had been exposed to ocular chloramphenicol during the relevant etiological period. The adjusted odds ratio was 3.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.84-16.90). Two cases had also been exposed to other known causes of aplastic anaemia. The incidence of aplastic anaemia among users of ocular chloramphenicol was 0.36 cases per million weeks of treatment. The incidence among non users was 0.04 cases per million weeks.
An association between ocular chloramphenicol and aplastic anaemia cannot be excluded. However, the risk is less than one per million treatment courses.
确定局部使用氯霉素眼药水是否会增加再生障碍性贫血的风险，并评估该风险（若存在）的程度。
对一个拥有420万居民的社区在1980年至1995年期间进行基于人群的再生障碍性贫血前瞻性病例对照监测（6720万人年），并根据研究期间研究区域内氯霉素眼药水的销售数据对风险进行病例人群估计。
145例再生障碍性贫血患者和1226例对照纳入分析。3例病例（2.1%）和5例对照（0.4%）在相关病因期接触过氯霉素眼药水。调整后的比值比为3.77（95%置信区间，0.84 - 16.90）。2例病例还接触过其他已知的再生障碍性贫血病因。氯霉素眼药水使用者中再生障碍性贫血的发病率为每百万治疗周0.36例。非使用者中的发病率为每百万周0.04例。
不能排除氯霉素眼药水与再生障碍性贫血之间的关联。然而，风险低于每百万治疗疗程1例。
