Lillehoj H S
Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
Int J Parasitol. 1998 Jul;28(7):1071-81. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00075-7.
Development of a vaccine for avian coccidiosis has been hampered by lack of understanding of the various components of the host immune system leading to protective immunity. Clear understanding of the cellular dichotomy in cytokine production in mice and the availability of immunological reagents, as well as gene knock-out mice, now makes in-depth immunological study in this species feasible. From studies of various parasitic infection models in mice, it is becoming clear that complex regulation by cytokines is involved in host immunity. Furthermore, the studies in mice clearly indicated an important role of various effector mechanisms involving T lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and cytokines in resistance to coccidiosis. In comparative studies of coccidiosis in chickens, in-vivo and in-vitro studies revealed that interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-beta are induced following Eimeria infection. Depletion studies revealed the importance of CD8+TCR-alpha-beta+ T lymphocytes in host protective immunity to avian coccidiosis. Taken together, studies in mice and chickens are providing a better understanding of the role of effector cells and soluble factors which control immune responses to Eimeria parasites.
由于对导致保护性免疫的宿主免疫系统的各种组成部分缺乏了解，禽球虫病疫苗的研发受到了阻碍。对小鼠细胞因子产生中的细胞二分法的清晰理解、免疫试剂以及基因敲除小鼠的可得性，现在使得对该物种进行深入的免疫学研究成为可能。从小鼠各种寄生虫感染模型的研究来看，越来越清楚的是，细胞因子的复杂调节参与了宿主免疫。此外，小鼠研究清楚地表明，涉及T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞和细胞因子的各种效应机制在抗球虫病中起着重要作用。在鸡球虫病的比较研究中，体内和体外研究表明，艾美耳球虫感染后会诱导γ干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子和转化生长因子-β。耗竭研究揭示了CD8+TCR-α-β+T淋巴细胞在宿主对禽球虫病的保护性免疫中的重要性。综上所述，小鼠和鸡的研究正在让人们更好地理解控制对艾美耳球虫寄生虫免疫反应的效应细胞和可溶性因子的作用。
