Bukowski J A, Wartenberg D, Goldschmidt M
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Aug 7;54(7):579-91. doi: 10.1080/009841098158719.
A case-control study was conducted to investigate the environmental causes of sinonasal cancers among pet dogs. Sinonasal cancer (SNC) cases and digestive cancer controls from the years 1989 through 1993 were obtained from a veterinary histopathology database. Owners were mailed a self-administered survey requesting information on canine factors, owner demographics, household exposures (including environmental tobacco smoke), and local pollution. A total of 129 case owners and 176 control owners returned completed surveys: a response rate of approximately 72%. Only household exposures were associated with increased SNC risk. Use of indoor coal or kerosene heaters represented the strongest risk factors, with significant adjusted odds ratios of 4.2 and 2.2 respectively. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was not a risk factor and was suggestive of a nonsignificant, mildly protective effect at the lower exposure levels. Increasing nasal length was a significant risk factor, and there was effect modification between nasal length and coal or kerosene combustion. No self-reported measures of local pollution, such as urban status or residence within 1 mile of a factory, were associated with SNC risk. These results suggest that canine SNC has a strong environmental component and highlight the importance of indoor exposures, especially from fossil fuel combustion products. These results also suggest that pet dogs represent excellent sentinels for indoor cancer risk and that canine SNC cases can be used as early markers of household exposure to carcinogenic combustion products.
开展了一项病例对照研究，以调查宠物狗鼻窦癌的环境病因。鼻窦癌（SNC）病例和1989年至1993年的消化道癌对照样本来自一个兽医组织病理学数据库。研究人员向狗主人邮寄了一份自行填写的调查问卷，询问有关犬类因素、主人人口统计学信息、家庭暴露情况（包括环境烟草烟雾）和当地污染情况。共有129位病例狗主人和176位对照狗主人返回了完整的调查问卷：回复率约为72%。只有家庭暴露与鼻窦癌风险增加有关。使用室内煤炉或煤油取暖器是最强的风险因素，调整后的优势比分别为4.2和2.2，具有显著性。环境烟草烟雾暴露不是一个风险因素，在较低暴露水平下提示有不显著的轻度保护作用。鼻长增加是一个显著的风险因素，并且鼻长与煤或煤油燃烧之间存在效应修正。没有自我报告的当地污染指标，如城市状况或工厂1英里范围内的居住情况，与鼻窦癌风险相关。这些结果表明犬类鼻窦癌有很强的环境因素，并突出了室内暴露的重要性，特别是来自化石燃料燃烧产物的暴露。这些结果还表明宠物狗是室内癌症风险的优秀哨兵，并且犬类鼻窦癌病例可作为家庭接触致癌燃烧产物的早期标志物。
