Campbell D, Hurry V, Clarke A K, Gustafsson P, Oquist G
Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1G7, Canada.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Sep;62(3):667-83. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.62.3.667-683.1998.
Cyanobacteria are ecologically important photosynthetic prokaryotes that also serve as popular model organisms for studies of photosynthesis and gene regulation. Both molecular and ecological studies of cyanobacteria benefit from real-time information on photosynthesis and acclimation. Monitoring in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence can provide noninvasive measures of photosynthetic physiology in a wide range of cyanobacteria and cyanolichens and requires only small samples. Cyanobacterial fluorescence patterns are distinct from those of plants, because of key structural and functional properties of cyanobacteria. These include significant fluorescence emission from the light-harvesting phycobiliproteins; large and rapid changes in fluorescence yield (state transitions) which depend on metabolic and environmental conditions; and flexible, overlapping respiratory and photosynthetic electron transport chains. The fluorescence parameters FV/FM, FV'/FM',qp,qN, NPQ, and phiPS II were originally developed to extract information from the fluorescence signals of higher plants. In this review, we consider how the special properties of cyanobacteria can be accommodated and used to extract biologically useful information from cyanobacterial in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence signals. We describe how the pattern of fluorescence yield versus light intensity can be used to predict the acclimated light level for a cyanobacterial population, giving information valuable for both laboratory and field studies of acclimation processes. The size of the change in fluorescence yield during dark-to-light transitions can provide information on respiration and the iron status of the cyanobacteria. Finally, fluorescence parameters can be used to estimate the electron transport rate at the acclimated growth light intensity.
蓝细菌是具有重要生态意义的光合原核生物，也是用于光合作用和基因调控研究的常用模式生物。对蓝细菌的分子研究和生态研究都受益于有关光合作用和适应性的实时信息。监测体内叶绿素荧光可以为多种蓝细菌和蓝藻地衣的光合生理提供非侵入性测量方法，并且只需要少量样本。由于蓝细菌的关键结构和功能特性，其荧光模式与植物不同。这些特性包括来自捕光藻胆蛋白的显著荧光发射；取决于代谢和环境条件的荧光产量的大幅快速变化（状态转换）；以及灵活、重叠的呼吸和光合电子传递链。荧光参数FV/FM、FV'/FM'、qp、qN、NPQ和phiPS II最初是为了从高等植物的荧光信号中提取信息而开发的。在这篇综述中，我们考虑如何适应蓝细菌的特殊特性，并利用这些特性从蓝细菌体内叶绿素荧光信号中提取生物学上有用的信息。我们描述了荧光产量与光强的关系模式如何用于预测蓝细菌群体的适应光水平，这对于适应过程的实验室和野外研究都提供了有价值的信息。暗到光转换期间荧光产量变化的大小可以提供有关蓝细菌呼吸和铁状态的信息。最后，荧光参数可用于估计适应生长光强下的电子传递速率。
