King C A, Işcan M Y, Loth S R
Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 1998 Sep;43(5):954-8.
Identification of sex from the skeleton is an important demographic assessment in medicolegal investigations. Studies have demonstrated that populations differ from each other in size and proportions and that these differences can affect the metric assessment of sex. It is therefore vital to determine if population differences are great enough to necessitate group-specific standards. To date, there have been no attempts to create standards of assessment for modern Thais. Therefore the purpose of this research is to establish standards from which to determine sex from the femur using a new skeletal collection housed at the Chiang Mai University Department of Anatomy. The sample is composed of 104 individuals (70 males, 34 females). Six standard osteometric dimensions including maximum length, maximum head diameter, midshaft circumference, midshaft anterior-posterior and transverse diameters, and bicondylar breadth were measured and analyzed by stepwise discriminant function statistics. To understand population differences, formulas derived from Chinese, South African whites and American whites and blacks using the same method and variables were tested on the Thai sample. Results indicated that maximum head diameter and bicondylar breadth are the optimal combination for sex diagnosis and yielded 94.2% accuracy. Direct analysis using predetermined single or multiple variables also revealed bicondylar breadth as the best single dimension (93.3%). In cross-tests on the Thais, the Chinese formula gave the most favorable outcome with unsatisfactory results for all other groups. The present research confirms that sexual dimorphism is better reflected in breadth dimensions than in bone length. Comparisons showed that Thais are very different metrically from whites and blacks, and although they most resemble the Chinese, these two groups are not identical. These findings underscore the need for population-specific formulas for identification of sex from the skeleton.
从骨骼鉴定性别是法医学调查中一项重要的人口统计学评估。研究表明，不同人群在体型和比例上存在差异，而这些差异会影响性别的度量评估。因此，确定人群差异是否大到需要特定群体的标准至关重要。迄今为止，尚未有人尝试为现代泰国人制定评估标准。因此，本研究的目的是利用清迈大学解剖学系收藏的一组新骨骼标本，建立从股骨确定性别的标准。样本由104人组成（70名男性，34名女性）。测量了六个标准骨测量尺寸，包括最大长度、最大头部直径、骨干中部周长、骨干中部前后径和横径以及双髁宽度，并通过逐步判别函数统计进行分析。为了解人群差异，使用相同方法和变量从中国人、南非白人和美国白人和黑人得出的公式在泰国样本上进行了测试。结果表明，最大头部直径和双髁宽度是性别诊断的最佳组合，准确率达94.2%。使用预先确定的单个或多个变量进行直接分析也显示双髁宽度是最佳的单一尺寸（93.3%）。在对泰国人的交叉测试中，中国公式得出的结果最理想，而其他所有群体的结果都不尽人意。本研究证实，性别二态性在宽度尺寸上比在骨骼长度上体现得更明显。比较表明，泰国人与白人和黑人在度量上有很大差异，尽管他们与中国人最为相似，但这两个群体并不相同。这些发现强调了需要针对特定人群的公式来从骨骼鉴定性别。
