Marsh H W, Yeung A S
Faculty of Education, University of Western Sydney at Macarthur, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Aug;75(2):509-27. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.2.509.
A new structural equation modeling approach to questions of the direction of causal flow between global and specific multidimensional measures of self-concept (SC) in two 2-wave, longitudinal studies demonstrated that (a) higher order factors were unable to explain relations among first-order factors at Time 1 (T1), at Time 2 (T2), or between T1 and T2; (b) T1 global SC had little effect on specific SC factors at T2 (a top-down model), but specific factors at T1 had even less effect on T2 global SC (a bottom-up model); and (c) many specific factors were more stable than global factors, but higher order factors were most stable. Results provide little support for top-down, bottom-up, or reciprocal models, instead arguing for a horizontal model in which each T2 SC factor is primarily a function of the matching T1 SC. This casts further doubt on the usefulness of hierarchical representations of SC.
在两项两波纵向研究中，一种用于研究全球和特定多维自我概念（SC）测量之间因果流动方向问题的新结构方程建模方法表明：（a）高阶因素无法解释时间1（T1）、时间2（T2）或T1与T2之间一阶因素之间的关系；（b）T1时的全球自我概念对T2时的特定自我概念因素影响很小（自上而下模型），但T1时的特定因素对T2时的全球自我概念影响更小（自下而上模型）；（c）许多特定因素比全球因素更稳定，但高阶因素最稳定。研究结果几乎没有支持自上而下、自下而上或相互作用模型，而是主张一种水平模型，其中每个T2自我概念因素主要是匹配的T1自我概念的函数。这进一步质疑了自我概念层次表示的有用性。
