Edenharder R, Frangart J, Hager M, Hofmann P, Rauscher R
Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Mainz, Germany.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1998 Aug;36(8):637-45. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(98)00035-0.
Seven fruits and 10 vegetables commonly consumed in Germany were investigated for their anticlastogenic potencies against cyclophosphamide (CP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. We detected protective effects in 76.5% and 70.6% of the samples, respectively, and more or less distinct quantitative differences between the various plant materials and the two clastogens investigated. With respect to CP, moderate activities were exerted by sweet cherries, strawberries, cucumber, radish and tomatoes, average activities by bananas, oranges, peaches, asparagus and red beets and strong activities by yellow red peppers and especially spinach. Apples (cultivar Jona Gold), brussels sprouts, cauliflower and onions were inactive. With respect to BaP, we found moderate activities in strawberries, brussels sprouts and radish, average activities in sweet cherries, oranges, peaches, asparagus, red beets, cucumber and spinach and strong activities in bananas and kiwi. Apples, cauliflower, onions, tomatoes and yellow-red peppers were inactive. When oranges were fractionated according to previously described schemes (Edenharder et al., 1995), anticlastogenic activities against CP were exerted by materials extracted with n-hexane, acetone and 2-propanol and in the terminal residue, but not in the dichloromethane and water phases. With respect to BaP, materials extracted with acetone showed strong anticlastogenicity while the 2-propanol fraction, the aqueous phase and the terminal residue were less potent. The n-hexane and the dichloromethane fractions were inactive. In red beets, all fractions showed anticlastogenicity against CP and BaP as well. However, the n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions were most potent with respect to CP, while for BaP the aqueous phase and the terminal residue were most effective. These result suggest the presence of various (groups of) anticlastogenic compounds with different chemical structure.
在体内小鼠骨髓微核试验中，对德国常见的7种水果和10种蔬菜针对环磷酰胺（CP）和苯并[a]芘（BaP）的抗断裂潜力进行了研究。我们分别在76.5%和70.6%的样本中检测到了保护作用，并且不同植物材料与所研究的两种断裂剂之间或多或少存在明显的定量差异。对于CP，甜樱桃、草莓、黄瓜、萝卜和番茄表现出中等活性，香蕉、橙子、桃子、芦笋和红甜菜表现出平均活性，黄红辣椒尤其是菠菜表现出强活性。苹果（乔纳金品种）、抱子甘蓝、花椰菜和洋葱无活性。对于BaP，我们发现草莓、抱子甘蓝和萝卜表现出中等活性，甜樱桃、橙子、桃子、芦笋、红甜菜、黄瓜和菠菜表现出平均活性，香蕉和猕猴桃表现出强活性。苹果、花椰菜、洋葱、番茄和黄红辣椒无活性。当按照先前描述的方案（Edenharder等人，1995年）对橙子进行分离时，用正己烷、丙酮和2-丙醇提取的物质以及最终残渣对CP表现出抗断裂活性，但二氯甲烷相和水相没有。对于BaP，用丙酮提取的物质表现出很强的抗断裂活性，而2-丙醇部分、水相和最终残渣的活性较低。正己烷和二氯甲烷部分无活性。在红甜菜中，所有部分对CP和BaP也都表现出抗断裂活性。然而，正己烷和二氯甲烷部分对CP的活性最强，而对于BaP，水相和最终残渣最有效。这些结果表明存在具有不同化学结构的各种（组）抗断裂化合物。
