Keller H L, Gherman L I, Kosa R E, Borger D C, Weiss W P, Willett L B
The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691-4096, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Aug;76(8):2197-204. doi: 10.2527/1998.7682197x.
Shortly after birth, plasma glucose and fructose concentrations of the neonate decline and thus leave blood sugar below the homeostatic mode. Two trials were conducted to determine the plasma glucose and fructose kinetics in control and supplemented calves for 108 h after birth. In the short-term trial, six Holstein calves were given 40 g of either fructose, lactose, or water (control) orally at 1 and 96 h after birth. Treatments were administered with a colostrum substitute (Life Boost) at 1 h and whole milk at 96 h. Rectal temperatures and changes in plasma glucose and fructose concentrations were monitored at close intervals for 12 h after supplementation. In the long-term trial, 15 Holstein calves were given 40 g of either lactose, fructose, or water (control) at 1 h after birth and at 12-h intervals for 81 h. Plasma glucose and fructose concentrations were determined before and 4 h after each of the seven feedings. Early postpartal feeding of fructose suppressed plasma glucose (approximately 50%), with a reciprocal rise in plasma fructose. Irrespective of treatment, plasma glucose concentrations did not stabilize (approximately 100 mg/dL) until 17 to 24 h after birth. After 24 h, lactose supplements increased concentrations of plasma glucose 4 h after supplementation (169.7 +/- 8.2 mg/dL), compared with those in calves that did not receive the additional lactose. After 24 h, fructose supplements did not affect plasma glucose, but plasma fructose concentrations increased (82.6 +/- 12.4 mg/dL) 4 h after administration. The response to fructose supplements declined by 11.4 mg x dL(-1) x d(-1). Fructose was not detected in the plasma of control or lactose-treated calves after 17 h after birth. Calves that received fructose supplements had rectal temperatures 8 and 10 h after birth that were higher than those of the other calves. The mechanisms of sugar metabolism change quickly following birth. Oral sugar supplements increase the total plasma sugar concentrations of treated calves.
出生后不久，新生儿的血浆葡萄糖和果糖浓度会下降，从而使血糖低于体内平衡水平。进行了两项试验，以确定对照小牛和补充营养的小牛出生后108小时内的血浆葡萄糖和果糖动力学。在短期试验中，六头荷斯坦小牛在出生后1小时和96小时分别口服40克果糖、乳糖或水（对照）。在1小时时用初乳替代品（Life Boost）给药，在96小时时用全脂牛奶给药。补充后密切监测直肠温度以及血浆葡萄糖和果糖浓度的变化，持续12小时。在长期试验中，15头荷斯坦小牛在出生后1小时给予40克乳糖、果糖或水（对照），并在之后的81小时内每隔12小时给药一次。在七次喂食的每次喂食前和喂食后4小时测定血浆葡萄糖和果糖浓度。产后早期喂食果糖会抑制血浆葡萄糖（约50%），同时血浆果糖会相应升高。无论采用何种处理方式，血浆葡萄糖浓度直到出生后17至24小时才稳定下来（约100毫克/分升）。24小时后，与未补充额外乳糖的小牛相比，补充乳糖的小牛在补充后4小时血浆葡萄糖浓度升高（169.7±8.2毫克/分升）。24小时后，补充果糖不影响血浆葡萄糖，但给药后4小时血浆果糖浓度升高（82.6±12.4毫克/分升）。对补充果糖的反应每11.4毫克·分升⁻¹·天⁻¹下降。出生后17小时后，在对照或乳糖处理的小牛血浆中未检测到果糖。接受果糖补充的小牛在出生后8小时和10小时的直肠温度高于其他小牛。出生后糖代谢机制变化很快。口服糖补充剂会增加接受处理的小牛的总血浆糖浓度。
