Overtoom C C, Verbaten M N, Kemner C, Kenemans J L, van Engeland H, Buitelaar J K, Camfferman G, Koelega H S
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;37(9):977-85. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199809000-00018.
First, to differentiate between inattention and impulsivity based on type of errors made in the AX version of the Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and second, to investigate whether differences in performance between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal controls also occur in specific forms of brain activity, namely event-related potentials (ERPs), presumably related to inattention and impulsivity or inhibition.
Sixteen ADHD and 16 normal control children performed the CPT-AX. ERPs were recorded at occipital (Oz), parietal (Pz), central (Cz), and frontal (Fz) leads.
The ADHD children had a higher CPT-Inattention score and showed smaller parietal positive waves at a latency of approximately 300 msec in reaction to target stimuli, target P3s, likewise indicating less attention. In contrast, they showed neither higher CPT-Impulsivity nor a smaller frontocentral negative wave at about 200 msec (N2); the N2 is generally seen as reflecting inhibition. A subgroup of children with ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (n = 6) had smaller N2 waves than controls, however.
The ADHD group studied showed deficits in attention but not in impulsivity (or inhibition).
第一，基于连续性能测试（CPT）的AX版本中所犯错误的类型来区分注意力不集中和冲动性；第二，研究注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童与正常对照组在特定形式的脑活动（即事件相关电位，ERPs）方面的表现差异，这些脑活动可能与注意力不集中、冲动性或抑制有关。
16名ADHD儿童和16名正常对照儿童进行了CPT-AX测试。在枕叶（Oz）、顶叶（Pz）、中央（Cz）和额叶（Fz）导联记录ERPs。
ADHD儿童的CPT注意力不集中得分更高，并且在对目标刺激做出反应时，潜伏期约为300毫秒时顶叶正波较小，即目标P3波，同样表明注意力较差。相比之下，他们的CPT冲动性得分既没有更高，在约200毫秒时的额中央负波（N2）也没有更小；N2通常被视为反映抑制作用。然而，患有ADHD和对立违抗性障碍的儿童亚组（n = 6）的N2波比对照组小。
所研究的ADHD组表现出注意力缺陷，但没有冲动性（或抑制）缺陷。
