Faculty of Science, Intelligent Systems, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2014 Jul;125(7):1407-16. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.11.031. Epub 2013 Dec 7.
To examine whether mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) would enhance attenuated amplitudes of event-related potentials (ERPs) indexing performance monitoring biomarkers of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Fifty adult ADHD patients took part in a randomised controlled study investigating ERP and clinical measures pre-to-post MBCT. Twenty-six patients were randomly allocated to MBCT, 24 to a wait-list control. Main outcome measures included error processing (ERN, Pe), conflict monitoring (NoGo-N2), and inhibitory control (NoGo-P3) ERPs concomitant to a continuous performance task (CPT-X). Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD symptoms, psychological distress and social functioning, and mindfulness skills were also assessed.
MBCT was associated with increased Pe and NoGo-P3 amplitudes, coinciding with reduced 'hyperactivity/impulsivity' and 'inattention' symptomatology. Specific to the MBCT; enhanced Pe amplitudes correlated with a decrease in hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms and increased 'act-with-awareness' mindfulness skill, whereas, enhanced P3 correlated with amelioration in inattention symptoms.
MBCT enhanced ERP amplitudes associated with motivational saliency and error awareness, leading to improved inhibitory regulation.
MBCT suggests having comparable modulation on performance monitoring ERP amplitudes as pharmacological treatments. Further study and development of MBCT as a treatment for ADHD is warranted, in addition to its potential scope for clinical applicability to broader defined externalising disorders and clinical problems associated with impairments of the prefrontal cortex.
探究正念认知疗法（MBCT）是否会增强注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的表现监测生物标志物相关事件相关电位（ERP）的振幅衰减。
50 名成年 ADHD 患者参与了一项随机对照研究，该研究在 MBCT 前后调查了 ERP 和临床指标。26 名患者被随机分配到 MBCT 组，24 名患者被分配到等待名单对照组。主要的结果测量指标包括错误处理（ERN、Pe）、冲突监测（NoGo-N2）和抑制控制（NoGo-P3）ERP，同时进行连续性能测试（CPT-X）。同时还评估了注意力不集中和多动冲动 ADHD 症状、心理困扰和社会功能以及正念技能。
MBCT 与 Pe 和 NoGo-P3 振幅增加有关，同时伴随着“多动/冲动”和“注意力不集中”症状的减轻。具体来说，MBCT 增强的 Pe 振幅与多动/冲动症状的减少和“有意识的行动”正念技能的增加相关，而增强的 P3 则与注意力不集中症状的改善相关。
MBCT 增强了与动机显著性和错误意识相关的 ERP 振幅，从而改善了抑制调节。
MBCT 表明对表现监测 ERP 振幅具有类似的调节作用，与药物治疗相当。除了其在更广泛定义的外化障碍和与前额叶皮层功能障碍相关的临床问题中的潜在临床应用范围之外，进一步研究和开发 MBCT 作为 ADHD 的治疗方法是必要的。
