Curtis C F, Maxwell C A, Finch R J, Njunwa K J
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Trop Med Int Health. 1998 Aug;3(8):619-31. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00281.x.
In an intensely malarious area in north-east Tanzania, microencapsulated lambdacyhalothrin was used in four villages for treatment of bednets (provided free of charge) and in another four villages the same insecticide was used for house spraying. Another four villages received neither intervention until the end of the trial but were monitored as controls. Bioassays showed prolonged persistence of the insecticidal residues. Light traps and ELISA testing showed reduction of the malaria vector populations and the sporozoite rates, leading to a reduction of about 90% in the entomological inoculation rate as a result of each treatment. Collections of blood fed mosquitoes showed no diversion from biting humans to biting animals. Incidence of re-infection was measured by weekly monitoring of cohorts of 60 children per village, after clearing preexisting infection with chlorproguanil-dapsone. The vector control was associated with a reduction in probability of re-infection per child per week by 54-62%, with no significant difference between the two vector control methods. Cross-sectional surveys for fever, parasitaemia, haemoglobin and weight showed association of high parasitaemia with fever and anaemia and beneficial effects of each intervention in reducing anaemia. However, passive surveillance by resident health assistants showed no evidence for reduced prevalence of fever or parasitaemia. Net treatment consumed only about one sixth as much insecticide as house spraying and it was concluded that the former intervention would work out cheaper and nets were actively demanded by the villagers, whereas spraying was only passively assented to.
在坦桑尼亚东北部一个疟疾高发地区，微囊化三氟氯氰菊酯在四个村庄用于处理蚊帐（免费提供），在另外四个村庄用于房屋喷洒。另外四个村庄在试验结束前未接受任何干预，但作为对照进行监测。生物测定表明杀虫残留物的持久性延长。诱虫灯和酶联免疫吸附测定测试表明疟疾病媒种群和子孢子率降低，导致每种处理方法的昆虫学接种率降低约90%。吸食血液的蚊子采集结果表明，蚊子没有从叮咬人类转向叮咬动物。在用氯胍-氨苯砜清除原有感染后，通过每周监测每个村庄60名儿童的队列来测量再感染发生率。病媒控制使每个儿童每周的再感染概率降低了54-62%，两种病媒控制方法之间没有显著差异。对发热、寄生虫血症、血红蛋白和体重的横断面调查表明，高寄生虫血症与发热和贫血有关，并且每种干预措施在减少贫血方面都有有益效果。然而，驻地卫生助理的被动监测没有发现发热或寄生虫血症患病率降低的证据。处理蚊帐所用杀虫剂仅为房屋喷洒的约六分之一，得出的结论是，前一种干预措施成本更低，而且村民积极要求使用蚊帐，而喷洒只是得到了被动同意。
